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Selectivity estimators come in two flavors: those that make specific assumptions about the data types they are working with, and those that don't. Most of the built-in estimators are of the latter kind and are meant to be safely attachable to any operator. If the operator does not behave as the estimator expects, you might get a poor estimate, but it won't crash. However, estimators that do make datatype assumptions can malfunction if they are attached to the wrong operator, since then the data they get from pg_statistic may not be of the type they expect. This can rise to the level of a security problem, even permitting arbitrary code execution by a user who has the ability to create SQL objects. To close this hole, establish a rule that built-in estimators are required to protect themselves against being called on the wrong type of data. It does not seem practical however to expect estimators in extensions to reach a similar level of security, at least not in the near term. Therefore, also establish a rule that superuser privilege is required to attach a non-built-in estimator to an operator. We expect that this restriction will have little negative impact on extensions, since estimators generally have to be written in C and thus superuser privilege is required to create them in the first place. This commit changes the privilege checks in CREATE/ALTER OPERATOR to enforce the rule about superuser privilege, and fixes a couple of built-in estimators that were making datatype assumptions without sufficiently checking that they're valid. Reported-by: Daniel Firer as part of zeroday.cloud Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Reviewed-by: Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com> Security: CVE-2026-2004 Backpatch-through: 14 |
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