Failing to do so results in an error when a pgbench script tries to
start a serializable transaction inside a pipeline, because by the time
BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE is executed, we're already in a
transaction that has acquired a snapshot, so the server rightfully
complains.
We can work around that by preparing all commands in the pipeline before
actually starting the pipeline. This changes the existing code in two
aspects: first, we now prepare each command individually at the point
where that command is about to be executed; previously, we would prepare
all commands in a script as soon as the first command of that script
would be executed. It's hard to see that this would make much of a
difference (particularly since it only affects the first time to execute
each script in a client), but I didn't actually try to measure it.
Secondly, we no longer use PQsendPrepare() in pipeline mode, but only
PQprepare. There's no specific reason for this change other than no
longer needing to do differently in pipeline mode. (Previously we had
no choice, because in pipeline mode PQprepare could not be used.)
Backpatch to 14, where pgbench got support for pipeline mode.
Reported-by: Yugo NAGATA <nagata@sraoss.co.jp>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210716153013.fc53b1c780b06fccc07a7f0d@sraoss.co.jp
clang 15+ will issue a set-but-not-used warning when the only
use of a variable is in autoincrements (e.g., "foo++;").
That's perfectly sensible, but it detects a few more cases that
we'd not noticed before. Silence the warnings with our usual
methods, such as PG_USED_FOR_ASSERTS_ONLY, or in one case by
actually removing a useless variable.
One thing that we can't nicely get rid of is that with %pure-parser,
Bison emits "yynerrs" as a local variable that falls foul of this
warning. To silence those, I inserted "(void) yynerrs;" in the
top-level productions of affected grammars.
Per recently-established project policy, this is a candidate
for back-patching into out-of-support branches: it suppresses
annoying compiler warnings but changes no behavior. Hence,
back-patch to 9.5, which is as far as these patches go without
issues. (A preliminary check shows that the prior branches
need some other set-but-not-used cleanups too, so I'll leave
them for another day.)
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/514615.1663615243@sss.pgh.pa.us
CIC and REINDEX CONCURRENTLY assume backends see their catalog changes
no later than each backend's next transaction start. That failed to
hold when a backend absorbed a relevant invalidation in the middle of
running RelationBuildDesc() on the CIC index. Queries that use the
resulting index can silently fail to find rows. Fix this for future
index builds by making RelationBuildDesc() loop until it finishes
without accepting a relevant invalidation. It may be necessary to
reindex to recover from past occurrences; REINDEX CONCURRENTLY suffices.
Back-patch to 9.6 (all supported versions).
Noah Misch and Andrey Borodin, reviewed (in earlier versions) by Andres
Freund.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210730022548.GA1940096@gust.leadboat.com
Previously socket errors such as invalid socket or socket wait method failures
during benchmark caused pgbench to exit with status 0. Instead, errors during
the run should result in exit status 2.
Back-patch to v12 where pgbench started reporting exit status.
Original complaint and patch by Hayato Kuroda.
Author: Yugo Nagata, Fabien COELHO
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi, Fujii Masao
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/TYCPR01MB5870057375ACA8A73099C649F5349@TYCPR01MB5870.jpnprd01.prod.outlook.com
The failure of socket wait method like "select()" doesn't terminate pgbench.
So the log level of error message when that failure happens should be ERROR.
But previously FATAL was used in that case.
Back-patch to v13 where pgbench started using common logging API.
Author: Yugo Nagata, Fabien COELHO
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi, Fujii Masao
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210617005934.8bd37bf72efd5f1b38e6f482@sraoss.co.jp
When throttling is used, transactions that lag behind schedule by
more than the latency limit are counted and reported as skipped.
Previously, there was the case where pgbench counted all skipped
transactions even if the timer specified in -T option was exceeded.
This could take a very long time to do that especially when unrealistically
high rate setting in -R option caused quite a lot of transactions that
lagged behind schedule. This could prevent pgbench from ending
immediately, and so pgbench could look like it got stuck to users.
To fix the issue, this commit changes pgbench so that it stops counting
skipped transactions as soon as the timer is exceeded. The timer can
make pgbench end soon even when there are lots of skipped transactions
that have not been counted yet.
Note that there is no guarantee that all skipped transactions are
counted under -T though there is under -t. This is OK in practice
because it's very unlikely to happen with realistic setting. Also this is
not the issue that this commit newly introdues. There used to be
the case where pgbench ended without counting all skipped
transactions since before.
Back-patch to v14. Per discussion, we decided not to bother
back-patch to the stable branches because it's hard to imagine
the issue happens in practice (with realistic setting).
Author: Yugo Nagata, Fabien COELHO
Reviewed-by: Greg Sabino Mullane, Fujii Masao
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210613040151.265ff59d832f835bbcf8b3ba@sraoss.co.jp
When -C/--connect option is specified, pgbench establishes and closes
the connection for each transaction. In this case pgbench needs to
measure the times taken for all those connections and disconnections,
to include the average connection time in the benchmark result.
But previously pgbench could not measure those disconnection delays.
To fix the bug, this commit makes pgbench measure the disconnection
delays whenever the connection is closed at the end of transaction,
if -C/--connect option is specified.
Back-patch to v14. Per discussion, we concluded not to back-patch to v13
or before because changing that behavior in stable branches would
surprise users rather than providing benefits.
Author: Yugo Nagata
Reviewed-by: Fabien COELHO, Tatsuo Ishii, Asif Rehman, Fujii Masao
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210614151155.a393bc7d8fed183e38c9f52a@sraoss.co.jp
Commit 547f04e734 changed pgbench so that it used the measurement result
of connection delays in its benchmark report only when -C/--connect option
is specified. But previously those delays were unnecessarily measured
even when that option is not specified. Which was a waste of cycles.
This commit improves pgbench so that it avoids such unnecessary measurement.
Back-patch to v14 where commit 547f04e734 first appeared.
Author: Yugo Nagata
Reviewed-by: Fabien COELHO, Asif Rehman, Fujii Masao
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210614151155.a393bc7d8fed183e38c9f52a@sraoss.co.jp
Up to now we did a PQconsumeInput() for each pipelined query, asking the OS
for more input - which it often won't have, as all results might already have
been sent. That turns out to have a noticeable performance impact.
Alvaro Herrera reviewed the idea to add the PQisBusy() check, but not this
concrete patch.
Author: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210720180039.23rivhdft3l4mayn@alap3.anarazel.de
Backpatch: 14, where libpq/pgbench pipelining was introduced.
Commit 547f04e changed pgbench to use microsecond accounting, but
introduced a couple of logging and aggregation bugs:
1. We print Unix epoch timestamps so that you can correlate them with
other logs, but these were inadvertently changed to use a
system-dependent reference epoch. Compute Unix timestamps, and begin
aggregation intervals on the boundaries of whole Unix epoch seconds, as
before.
2. The user-supplied aggregation interval needed to be scaled.
Back-patch to 14.
Author: Fabien COELHO <coelho@cri.ensmp.fr>
Author: Yugo NAGATA <nagata@sraoss.co.jp>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Reported-by: YoungHwan Joo <rulyox@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Gregory Smith <gregsmithpgsql@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAF7igB1r6wRfSCEAB-iZBKxkowWY6%2BdFF2jObSdd9%2BiVK%2BvHJg%40mail.gmail.com
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAHLJuCW_8Vpcr0%3Dt6O_gozrg3wXXWXZXDioYJd3NhvKriqgpfQ%40mail.gmail.com
Instead use the common/int.h functions to check for integer overflow
in a more C-standard-compliant fashion. This is motivated by recent
failures on buildfarm member moonjelly, where it appears that
development-tip gcc is optimizing without regard to the -fwrapv
switch. Presumably that's a gcc bug that will be fixed soon, but
we might as well install cleaner coding here rather than wait.
(This does not address the question of whether we'll ever be able
to get rid of using -fwrapv. Testing shows that this spot is the
only place where doing so creates visible regression test failures,
but unfortunately that proves very little.)
Back-patch to v12. The common/int.h functions exist in v11, but
that branch doesn't use them in any client-side code. I judge
that this case isn't interesting enough in the real world to take
even a small risk of issues from being the first such use.
Tom Lane and Fabien Coelho
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/73927.1624815543@sss.pgh.pa.us
002_pgbench_no_server was printing some array pointers instead of the
actual contents of those arrays for the expected outputs of stdout and
stderr for a tested command. This does not add any new information that
can help with debugging as the test names allow to track failure
locations, if any.
This commit simply removes those logs as the rest of the printed
information is redundant with command_checks_all().
Per discussion with Andrew Dunstan and Álvaro Herrera.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/YNXNFaG7IgkzZanD@paquier.xyz
Backpatch-through: 11
This fixes a couple of problems within the so-said code of this commit
subject:
- Replace the use of open() with slurp_file(), fixing an issue reported
by buildfarm member fairywren whose perl installation keep around CRLF
characters, causing the matching patterns for the logs to fail.
- Remove the eval block, which is not really necessary.
This set of issues has come into light after fixing a different issue
with c13585fe, and this is wrong since this code has been introduced.
Reported-by: Andrew Dunstan, and buildfarm member fairywren
Author: Michael Paquier
Reviewed-by: Andrew Dunstan
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/0f49303e-7784-b3ee-200b-cbf67be2eb9e@dunslane.net
Backpatch-through: 11
fairywren is not happy with the pattern checks introduced by c13585f.
I am not sure if this outlines a bug in pgbench or if the regex patterns
used in the tests are too restrictive for this buildfarm member's
environment. This adds more debugging information to show the log
entries that do not match with the expected pattern, to help in finding
out what's happening. That seems like a good addition in the long-term
anyway as that may not be the only issue in this area.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/YNUad2HvgW+6eXyo@paquier.xyz
The logic checking for the format of per-thread logs used grep() with
directly "$re", which would cause the test to consider all the logs as
a match without caring about their format at all. Using "/$re/" makes
grep() perform a regex test, which is what we want here.
While on it, improve some of the tests to be more picky with the
patterns expected and add more comments to describe the tests.
Issue discovered while digging into a separate patch.
Author: Fabien Coelho, Michael Paquier
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/YNPsPAUoVDCpPOGk@paquier.xyz
Backpatch-through: 11
Commit 547f04e73 caused pgbench to start printing its version number,
which seems like a fine idea, but it needs a bit more work:
* Print the server version number too, when different.
* Print the PG_VERSION string, not some reconstructed approximation.
This patch copies psql's well-tested code for the same purpose.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/1226654.1624036821@sss.pgh.pa.us
We've accumulated quite a mix of instances of "an SQL" and "a SQL" in the
documents. It would be good to be a bit more consistent with these.
The most recent version of the SQL standard I looked at seems to prefer
"an SQL". That seems like a good lead to follow, so here we change all
instances of "a SQL" to become "an SQL". Most instances correctly use
"an SQL" already, so it also makes sense to use the dominant variation in
order to minimise churn.
Additionally, there were some other abbreviations that needed to be
adjusted. FSM, SSPI, SRF and a few others. Also fix some pronounceable,
abbreviations to use "a" instead of "an". For example, "a SASL" instead
of "an SASL".
Here I've only adjusted the documents and error messages. Many others
still exist in source code comments. Translator hint comments seem to be
the biggest culprit. It currently does not seem worth the churn to change
these.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAApHDvpML27UqFXnrYO1MJddsKVMQoiZisPvsAGhKE_tsKXquw%40mail.gmail.com
One of the tests for the pgbench permute() function added by
6b258e3d68 fails on some 32-bit platforms, due to variations in the
floating point computations in getrand(). The remaining tests give
sufficient coverage, so just remove the failing test.
Reported by Christoph Berg. Analysis by Thomas Munro and Tom Lane.
Based on patch by Fabien Coelho.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/YKQnUoYV63GRJBDD@msg.df7cb.de
Also "make reformat-dat-files".
The only change worthy of note is that pgindent messed up the formatting
of launcher.c's struct LogicalRepWorkerId, which led me to notice that
that struct wasn't used at all anymore, so I just took it out.
This adds a new function, permute(), that generates pseudorandom
permutations of arbitrary sizes. This can be used to randomly shuffle
a set of values to remove unwanted correlations. For example,
permuting the output from a non-uniform random distribution so that
all the most common values aren't collocated, allowing more realistic
tests to be performed.
Formerly, hash() was recommended for this purpose, but that suffers
from collisions that might alter the distribution, so recommend
permute() for this purpose instead.
Fabien Coelho and Hironobu Suzuki, with additional hacking be me.
Reviewed by Thomas Munro, Alvaro Herrera and Muhammad Usama.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/alpine.DEB.2.21.1807280944370.5142@lancre
This commit improves pgbench \sleep command so that it handles
the following three cases more properly.
(1) When only one argument was specified in \sleep command and
it's not a number, previously pgbench reported a confusing error
message like "unrecognized time unit, must be us, ms or s".
This commit fixes this so that more proper error message like
"invalid sleep time, must be an integer" is reported.
(2) When two arguments were specified in \sleep command and
the first argument was not a number, previously pgbench treated
that argument as the sleep time 0. No error was reported in this
case. This commit fixes this so that an error is thrown in this
case.
(3) When a variable was specified as the first argument in \sleep
command and the variable stored non-digit value, previously
pgbench treated that argument as the sleep time 0. No error
was reported in this case. This commit fixes this so that
an error is thrown in this case.
Author: Kota Miyake
Reviewed-by: Hayato Kuroda, Alvaro Herrera, Fujii Masao
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/23b254daf20cec4332a2d9168505dbc9@oss.nttdata.com
Since commit ba79cb5dc, values of bind parameters have been logged
during errors in extended query mode. However, we only did that after
we'd collected and converted all the parameter values, thus failing to
offer any useful localization of invalid-parameter problems. Add a
separate callback that's used during parameter collection, and have it
print the parameter number, along with the input string if text input
format is used.
Justin Pryzby and Tom Lane
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210104170939.GH9712@telsasoft.com
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CANfkH5k-6nNt-4cSv1vPB80nq2BZCzhFVR5O4VznYbsX0wZmow@mail.gmail.com
Commit 547f04e7 produced errors on AIX/xlc while building plpython. The
new code appears to be incompatible with the hack installed by commit
a11cf433. Without access to an AIX system to check, my guess is that
_POSIX_C_SOURCE may be required for <time.h> to declare the things the
header needs to see, but plpython.h undefines it.
For now, to unbreak build farm animal hoverfly, just move the new
pg_time_usec_t support into pgbench.c. Perhaps later we could figure
out what to rearrange to put it back into a header for wider use.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA%2BhUKG%2BP%2BjcD%3Dx9%2BagyTdWtjpOT64MYiGic%2Bcbu_TD8CV%3D6A3w%40mail.gmail.com
1. pg_time_usec_t needs to be printed with INT64_FORMAT, not %ld, or 32
bit systems complain, per lapwing.
2. Some Windows compilers didn't like a thread function not marked with
__stdcall, per whelk; let's see if this fixes the problem.
Wait until all pgbench threads are connected before benchmarking begins.
This fixes a problem where some connections could take a very long time
to be established because of lock contention from earlier connections,
making results unstable and bogus with high connection counts.
Author: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>
Author: Fabien COELHO <coelho@cri.ensmp.fr>
Reviewed-by: Marina Polyakova <m.polyakova@postgrespro.ru>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hayato Kuroda <kuroda.hayato@fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: David Rowley <dgrowleyml@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20200227180100.zyvjwzcpiokfsqm2%40alap3.anarazel.de
Instead of instr_time (struct timespec) and the INSTR_XXX macros,
introduce pg_time_usec_t and use integer arithmetic. Don't include the
connection time in TPS unless using -C mode, but report it separately.
Author: Fabien COELHO <coelho@cri.ensmp.fr>
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hayato Kuroda <kuroda.hayato@fujitsu.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20200227180100.zyvjwzcpiokfsqm2%40alap3.anarazel.de
Instead of maintaining an incomplete emulation of POSIX threads for
Windows, let's use an extremely minimalist macro-based abstraction for
now. A later patch will extend this, without the need to supply more
complicated pthread emulation code. (There may be a need for a more
serious portable thread abstraction in later projects, but this is not
it.)
Minor incidental problems fixed: it wasn't OK to use (pthread_t) 0 as a
special value, it wasn't OK to compare thread_t values with ==, and we
incorrectly assumed that pthread functions set errno.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20200227180100.zyvjwzcpiokfsqm2%40alap3.anarazel.de
Using pgbench in an environment with both PGPORT and PGUSER set would
have caused the generation of a debug log with an incorrect database
name due to an oversight in 412893b. Not specifying user, port and/or
database using the option switches, without their respective environment
variables, generated a log entry with empty strings, which was
rather useless.
This commit fixes this set of issues by simplifying the logic grabbing
the connection information, removing a set of getenv() calls that
emulated what libpq already does. The faulty debug log now directly
uses the information from the libpq connection, and it gets generated
after the connection to the backend is completed, not before it (in the
event of a failure libpq would complain with more information about the
connection attempt so the log is not really useful before anyway).
Author: Kota Miyake
Reviewed-by: Fujii Masao, Michael Paquier
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/026b3ae6fc339a18394d053c32a4463d@oss.nttdata.com
doConnect() never returns connections in state CONNECTION_BAD, so
checking for that is pointless. Remove the code that does.
This code has been dead since ba708ea3dc, 20 years ago.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210126195224.GA20361@alvherre.pgsql
Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
libpq's error messages for connection failures pretty well stand on
their own, especially since commits 52a10224e/27a48e5a1. Prefixing
them with 'could not connect to database "foo"' or the like is just
redundant, and perhaps even misleading if the specific database name
isn't relevant to the failure. (When it is, we trust that the
backend's error message will include the DB name.) Indeed, psql
hasn't used any such prefix in a long time. So, make all our other
programs and documentation examples agree with psql's practice.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/1094524.1611266589@sss.pgh.pa.us
The point of this restriction is to avoid trying to substitute variables
into timestamp literal values, which may contain strings like '12:34'.
There is a good deal more that should be done to reduce pgbench's
tendency to substitute where it shouldn't. But this is sufficient to
solve the case complained of by Jaime Soler, and it's simple enough
to back-patch.
Back-patch to v11; before commit 9d36a3866, pgbench had a slightly
different definition of what a variable name is, and anyway it seems
unwise to change long-stable branches for this.
Fabien Coelho
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/alpine.DEB.2.22.394.2006291740420.805678@pseudo
Instead of hard-wiring specific verbosity levels into the option
processing of client applications, invent pg_logging_increase_verbosity()
and encourage clients to implement --verbose by calling that. Then,
the common convention that more -v's gets you more verbosity just works.
In particular, this allows resurrection of the debug-grade messages that
have long existed in pg_dump and its siblings. They were unreachable
before this commit due to lack of a way to select PG_LOG_DEBUG logging
level. (It appears that they may have been unreachable for some time
before common/logging.c was introduced, too, so I'm not specifically
blaming cc8d41511 for the oversight. One reason for thinking that is
that it's now apparent that _allocAH()'s message needs a null-pointer
guard. Testing might have failed to reveal that before 96bf88d52.)
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/1173106.1600116625@sss.pgh.pa.us
This patch started out with the goal of harmonizing various arbitrary
limits on password length, but after awhile a better idea emerged:
let's just get rid of those fixed limits.
recv_password_packet() has an arbitrary limit on the packet size,
which we don't really need, so just drop it. (Note that this doesn't
really affect anything for MD5 or SCRAM password verification, since
those will hash the user's password to something shorter anyway.
It does matter for auth methods that require a cleartext password.)
Likewise remove the arbitrary error condition in pg_saslprep().
The remaining limits are mostly in client-side code that prompts
for passwords. To improve those, refactor simple_prompt() so that
it allocates its own result buffer that can be made as big as
necessary. Actually, it proves best to make a separate routine
pg_get_line() that has essentially the semantics of fgets(), except
that it allocates a suitable result buffer and hence will never
return a truncated line. (pg_get_line has a lot of potential
applications to replace randomly-sized fgets buffers elsewhere,
but I'll leave that for another patch.)
I built pg_get_line() atop stringinfo.c, which requires moving
that code to src/common/; but that seems fine since it was a poor
fit for src/port/ anyway.
This patch is mostly mine, but it owes a good deal to Nathan Bossart
who pressed for a solution to the password length problem and
created a predecessor patch. Also thanks to Peter Eisentraut and
Stephen Frost for ideas and discussion.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/09512C4F-8CB9-4021-B455-EF4C4F0D55A0@amazon.com
Includes some manual cleanup of places that pgindent messed up,
most of which weren't per project style anyway.
Notably, it seems some people didn't absorb the style rules of
commit c9d297751, because there were a bunch of new occurrences
of function calls with a newline just after the left paren, all
with faulty expectations about how the rest of the call would get
indented.
This option is similar to \gset, except that it is able to store all
results from combined SQL queries into separate variables. If a query
returns multiple rows, the last result is stored and if a query returns
no rows, nothing is stored.
While on it, add a TAP test for \gset to check for a failure when a
query returns multiple rows.
Author: Fabien Coelho
Reviewed-by: Ibrar Ahmed, Michael Paquier
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/alpine.DEB.2.21.1904081914200.2529@lancre
This patch replaces the boolean GUC log_parameters_on_error introduced
by commit ba79cb5dc with an integer log_parameter_max_length_on_error,
adding the ability to specify how many bytes to trim each logged
parameter value to. (The previous coding hard-wired that choice at
64 bytes.)
In addition, add a new parameter log_parameter_max_length that provides
similar control over truncation of query parameters that are logged in
response to statement-logging options, as opposed to errors. Previous
releases always logged such parameters in full, possibly causing log
bloat.
For backwards compatibility with prior releases,
log_parameter_max_length defaults to -1 (log in full), while
log_parameter_max_length_on_error defaults to 0 (no logging).
Per discussion, log_parameter_max_length is SUSET since the DBA should
control routine logging behavior, but log_parameter_max_length_on_error
is USERSET because it also affects errcontext data sent back to the
client.
Alexey Bashtanov, editorialized a little by me
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/b10493cc-a399-a03a-67c7-068f2791ee50@imap.cc
