diff --git a/schema/labels_test.go b/schema/labels_test.go
index 91206d9702..56d812d2cc 100644
--- a/schema/labels_test.go
+++ b/schema/labels_test.go
@@ -26,20 +26,22 @@ import (
 
 func TestMetadata(t *testing.T) {
 	testMeta := Metadata{
-		Name:        "metric_total",
-		Type:        model.MetricTypeCounter,
-		Unit:        "seconds",
-		Temporality: "delta",
+		Name:         "metric_total",
+		Type:         model.MetricTypeCounter,
+		Unit:         "seconds",
+		Temporality:  "delta",
+		Monotonicity: "true",
 	}
 
 	for _, tcase := range []struct {
-		emptyName, emptyType, emptyUnit, emptyTemporality bool
+		emptyName, emptyType, emptyUnit, emptyTemporality, emptyMonotonicity bool
 	}{
 		{},
 		{emptyName: true},
 		{emptyType: true},
 		{emptyUnit: true},
 		{emptyTemporality: true},
+		{emptyMonotonicity: true},
 		{emptyName: true, emptyType: true, emptyUnit: true, emptyTemporality: true},
 	} {
 		var (
@@ -69,6 +71,10 @@ func TestMetadata(t *testing.T) {
 				lb.Add(metricTemporality, testMeta.Temporality)
 				expectedMeta.Temporality = testMeta.Temporality
 			}
+			if !tcase.emptyMonotonicity {
+				lb.Add(metricMonotonicity, testMeta.Monotonicity)
+				expectedMeta.Monotonicity = testMeta.Monotonicity
+			}
 			lb.Sort()
 			expectedLabels = lb.Labels()
 		}
@@ -86,6 +92,7 @@ func TestMetadata(t *testing.T) {
 				require.Equal(t, tcase.emptyType, expectedMeta.IsTypeEmpty())
 				require.Equal(t, tcase.emptyUnit, expectedMeta.IsEmptyFor(metricUnit))
 				require.Equal(t, tcase.emptyTemporality, expectedMeta.IsEmptyFor(metricTemporality))
+				require.Equal(t, tcase.emptyMonotonicity, expectedMeta.IsEmptyFor(metricMonotonicity))
 			}
 			{
 				// From Metadata to labels for various builders.
@@ -117,12 +124,13 @@ func TestIgnoreOverriddenMetadataLabelsScratchBuilder(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			highPrioMeta: Metadata{
-				Name:        "metric_total",
-				Type:        model.MetricTypeCounter,
-				Unit:        "seconds",
-				Temporality: "delta",
+				Name:         "metric_total",
+				Type:         model.MetricTypeCounter,
+				Unit:         "seconds",
+				Temporality:  "delta",
+				Monotonicity: "true",
 			},
-			expectedLabels: labels.FromStrings(metricName, "metric_total", metricType, string(model.MetricTypeCounter), metricUnit, "seconds", metricTemporality, "delta", "foo", "bar"),
+			expectedLabels: labels.FromStrings(metricName, "metric_total", metricType, string(model.MetricTypeCounter), metricUnit, "seconds", metricTemporality, "delta", metricMonotonicity, "true", "foo", "bar"),
 		},
 		{
 			highPrioMeta: Metadata{
@@ -169,6 +177,7 @@ func TestIsMetadataLabel(t *testing.T) {
 		{"__type__", true},
 		{"__unit__", true},
 		{"__temporality__", true},
+		{"__monotonicity__", true},
 		{"foo", false},
 		{"bar", false},
 		{"__other__", false},
diff --git a/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/metrics_to_prw_test.go b/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/metrics_to_prw_test.go
index 6f0f6d001a..21b551d4ae 100644
--- a/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/metrics_to_prw_test.go
+++ b/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/metrics_to_prw_test.go
@@ -404,8 +404,8 @@ func TestTemporality(t *testing.T) {
 				createOtelSum("test_metric_2", pmetric.AggregationTemporalityDelta, ts),
 			},
 			expectedSeries: []prompb.TimeSeries{
-				createPromFloatSeriesWithTemporality("test_metric_1", "delta", ts),
-				createPromFloatSeriesWithTemporality("test_metric_2", "delta", ts),
+				createPromFloatSeriesWithTemporalityAndMonotonicity("test_metric_1", "delta", "false", ts),
+				createPromFloatSeriesWithTemporalityAndMonotonicity("test_metric_2", "delta", "false", ts),
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ func TestTemporality(t *testing.T) {
 				createOtelSum("test_metric_2", pmetric.AggregationTemporalityCumulative, ts),
 			},
 			expectedSeries: []prompb.TimeSeries{
-				createPromFloatSeriesWithTemporality("test_metric_1", "delta", ts),
+				createPromFloatSeriesWithTemporalityAndMonotonicity("test_metric_1", "delta", "false", ts),
 				createPromFloatSeriesWithTemporality("test_metric_2", "cumulative", ts),
 			},
 		},
@@ -563,6 +563,37 @@ func TestTemporality(t *testing.T) {
 			expectedSeries: []prompb.TimeSeries{},
 			expectedError:  `could not get aggregation temporality for test_empty as it has unsupported metric type Empty`,
 		},
+		{
+			name:       "delta sum with monotonic and non-monotonic metrics when allowed",
+			allowDelta: true,
+			inputSeries: []pmetric.Metric{
+				createOtelSumWithMonotonicity("test_monotonic_sum", pmetric.AggregationTemporalityDelta, true, ts),
+				createOtelSumWithMonotonicity("test_non_monotonic_sum", pmetric.AggregationTemporalityDelta, false, ts),
+			},
+			expectedSeries: []prompb.TimeSeries{
+				createPromFloatSeriesWithTemporalityAndMonotonicity("test_monotonic_sum", "delta", "true", ts),
+				createPromFloatSeriesWithTemporalityAndMonotonicity("test_non_monotonic_sum", "delta", "false", ts),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "cumulative sum does not have monotonicity label",
+			allowDelta: true,
+			inputSeries: []pmetric.Metric{
+				createOtelSumWithMonotonicity("test_cumulative_sum", pmetric.AggregationTemporalityCumulative, true, ts),
+			},
+			expectedSeries: []prompb.TimeSeries{
+				createPromFloatSeriesWithTemporality("test_cumulative_sum", "cumulative", ts),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "delta sum does not have monotonicity label when AllowDeltaTemporality disabled",
+			allowDelta: false,
+			inputSeries: []pmetric.Metric{
+				createOtelSumWithMonotonicity("test_delta_sum", pmetric.AggregationTemporalityDelta, true, ts),
+			},
+			expectedSeries: []prompb.TimeSeries{},
+			expectedError:  `invalid temporality and type combination for metric "test_delta_sum"`,
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range tests {
@@ -610,6 +641,20 @@ func createOtelSum(name string, temporality pmetric.AggregationTemporality, ts t
 	return m
 }
 
+func createOtelSumWithMonotonicity(name string, temporality pmetric.AggregationTemporality, isMonotonic bool, ts time.Time) pmetric.Metric {
+	metrics := pmetric.NewMetricSlice()
+	m := metrics.AppendEmpty()
+	m.SetName(name)
+	sum := m.SetEmptySum()
+	sum.SetAggregationTemporality(temporality)
+	sum.SetIsMonotonic(isMonotonic)
+	dp := sum.DataPoints().AppendEmpty()
+	dp.SetDoubleValue(5)
+	dp.SetTimestamp(pcommon.NewTimestampFromTime(ts))
+	dp.Attributes().PutStr("test_label", "test_value")
+	return m
+}
+
 func createPromFloatSeries(name string, ts time.Time) prompb.TimeSeries {
 	return prompb.TimeSeries{
 		Labels: []prompb.Label{
@@ -637,6 +682,21 @@ func createPromFloatSeriesWithTemporality(name, temporality string, ts time.Time
 	}
 }
 
+func createPromFloatSeriesWithTemporalityAndMonotonicity(name, temporality, monotonicity string, ts time.Time) prompb.TimeSeries {
+	return prompb.TimeSeries{
+		Labels: []prompb.Label{
+			{Name: "__monotonicity__", Value: monotonicity},
+			{Name: "__name__", Value: name},
+			{Name: "__temporality__", Value: temporality},
+			{Name: "test_label", Value: "test_value"},
+		},
+		Samples: []prompb.Sample{{
+			Value:     5,
+			Timestamp: ts.UnixMilli(),
+		}},
+	}
+}
+
 func createOtelGauge(name string, ts time.Time) pmetric.Metric {
 	metrics := pmetric.NewMetricSlice()
 	m := metrics.AppendEmpty()
diff --git a/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/number_data_points_test.go b/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/number_data_points_test.go
index d00730005f..287e792404 100644
--- a/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/number_data_points_test.go
+++ b/storage/remote/otlptranslator/prometheusremotewrite/number_data_points_test.go
@@ -353,6 +353,7 @@ func TestPrometheusConverter_addSumNumberDataPoints(t *testing.T) {
 				prompb.MetricMetadata{MetricFamilyName: metric.Name()},
 				tt.scope,
 				pmetric.AggregationTemporalityCumulative,
+				metric.Sum().IsMonotonic(),
 			)
 
 			require.Equal(t, tt.want(), converter.unique)
diff --git a/storage/remote/write_test.go b/storage/remote/write_test.go
index de77ba1c98..49e9770720 100644
--- a/storage/remote/write_test.go
+++ b/storage/remote/write_test.go
@@ -462,6 +462,7 @@ func TestOTLPWriteHandler(t *testing.T) {
 						labels.Label{Name: "__type__", Value: "gauge"},
 						labels.Label{Name: "__unit__", Value: "bytes"},
 						labels.Label{Name: "__temporality__", Value: "delta"},
+						labels.Label{Name: "__monotonicity__", Value: "true"},
 						labels.Label{Name: "foo.bar", Value: "baz"},
 						labels.Label{Name: "instance", Value: "test-instance"},
 						labels.Label{Name: "job", Value: "test-service"}),
@@ -578,6 +579,7 @@ func TestOTLPWriteHandler(t *testing.T) {
 						labels.Label{Name: "__type__", Value: "gauge"},
 						labels.Label{Name: "__unit__", Value: "bytes"},
 						labels.Label{Name: "__temporality__", Value: "delta"},
+						labels.Label{Name: "__monotonicity__", Value: "true"},
 						labels.Label{Name: "foo_bar", Value: "baz"},
 						labels.Label{Name: "instance", Value: "test-instance"},
 						labels.Label{Name: "job", Value: "test-service"}),
@@ -667,6 +669,7 @@ func TestOTLPWriteHandler(t *testing.T) {
 						labels.Label{Name: "__type__", Value: "gauge"},
 						labels.Label{Name: "__unit__", Value: "bytes"},
 						labels.Label{Name: "__temporality__", Value: "delta"},
+						labels.Label{Name: "__monotonicity__", Value: "true"},
 						labels.Label{Name: "foo.bar", Value: "baz"},
 						labels.Label{Name: "instance", Value: "test-instance"},
 						labels.Label{Name: "job", Value: "test-service"}),