diff --git a/Makefile.inc1 b/Makefile.inc1
index d60cb8654a0..6c77c8abdb8 100644
--- a/Makefile.inc1
+++ b/Makefile.inc1
@@ -887,8 +887,8 @@ MTREEFLAGS+=	-W
 INSTALLFLAGS+=	-h sha256
 .endif
 .if defined(DB_FROM_SRC) || defined(NO_ROOT)
-IMAKE_INSTALL=	INSTALL="install ${INSTALLFLAGS}"
-IMAKE_MTREE=	MTREE_CMD="mtree ${MTREEFLAGS}"
+IMAKE_INSTALL=	INSTALL="${INSTALL} ${INSTALLFLAGS}"
+IMAKE_MTREE=	MTREE_CMD="${MTREE_CMD} ${MTREEFLAGS}"
 .endif
 
 DESTDIR_MTREEFLAGS=	-deU
diff --git a/etc/Makefile b/etc/Makefile
index a90fa768ac4..7ee9eca7eb1 100644
--- a/etc/Makefile
+++ b/etc/Makefile
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 FILESGROUPS=	FILES
 NLS_ALIASES=	POSIX C \
 		en_US.US_ASCII C
+PWD_MKDB_CMD?=	pwd_mkdb
 
 # No need as it is empty and just causes rebuilds since this file does so much.
 UPDATE_DEPENDFILE=	no
diff --git a/sys/conf/kern.opts.mk b/sys/conf/kern.opts.mk
index 1685d3e85fc..33aa0bcba98 100644
--- a/sys/conf/kern.opts.mk
+++ b/sys/conf/kern.opts.mk
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
 # They have to be listed here so we can build modules outside of the
 # src tree.
 
+KLDXREF_CMD?=	kldxref
+
 __DEFAULT_YES_OPTIONS = \
     AUTOFS \
     BHYVE \
diff --git a/sys/conf/kmod.mk b/sys/conf/kmod.mk
index f09937beb88..665151e2a6e 100644
--- a/sys/conf/kmod.mk
+++ b/sys/conf/kmod.mk
@@ -348,8 +348,8 @@ afterinstall: _kldxref
 .ORDER: _installlinks _kldxref
 _kldxref: .PHONY
 	@if type kldxref >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
-		${ECHO} kldxref ${DESTDIR}${KMODDIR}; \
-		kldxref ${DESTDIR}${KMODDIR}; \
+		${ECHO} ${KLDXREF_CMD} ${DESTDIR}${KMODDIR}; \
+		${KLDXREF_CMD} ${DESTDIR}${KMODDIR}; \
 	fi
 .endif
 .endif # !target(realinstall)
diff --git a/sys/modules/Makefile b/sys/modules/Makefile
index 396d3e3f722..bf05a936dcd 100644
--- a/sys/modules/Makefile
+++ b/sys/modules/Makefile
@@ -795,8 +795,8 @@ SUBDIR:= ${SUBDIR:N${reject}}
 .MAKEFLAGS+=	-DNO_XREF
 afterinstall: .PHONY
 	@if type kldxref >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
-		${ECHO} kldxref ${DESTDIR}${KMODDIR}; \
-		kldxref ${DESTDIR}${KMODDIR}; \
+		${ECHO} ${KLDXREF_CMD} ${DESTDIR}${KMODDIR}; \
+		${KLDXREF_CMD} ${DESTDIR}${KMODDIR}; \
 	fi
 .endif
 
diff --git a/usr.bin/login/Makefile b/usr.bin/login/Makefile
index af83c970cc1..be29e8c0585 100644
--- a/usr.bin/login/Makefile
+++ b/usr.bin/login/Makefile
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ PROG=	login
 SRCS=	login.c login_fbtab.c
 CFLAGS+=-DLOGALL
 LIBADD=	util pam
+CAP_MKDB_CMD?=	cap_mkdb
 
 WARNS?=	5
 
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ PRECIOUSPROG=
 
 .include <bsd.endian.mk>
 afterinstallconfig:
-	cap_mkdb ${CAP_MKDB_ENDIAN} ${DESTDIR}/etc/login.conf
+	${CAP_MKDB_CMD} ${CAP_MKDB_ENDIAN} ${DESTDIR}/etc/login.conf
 .if defined(NO_ROOT) && defined(METALOG)
 	echo "./etc/login.conf.db type=file mode=0644 uname=root gname=wheel" | \
 		cat -l >> ${METALOG}
diff --git a/usr.sbin/services_mkdb/Makefile b/usr.sbin/services_mkdb/Makefile
index e1553b674b9..a25ab3cd883 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/services_mkdb/Makefile
+++ b/usr.sbin/services_mkdb/Makefile
@@ -4,12 +4,13 @@ CONFS=	services
 PROG=	services_mkdb
 MAN=	services_mkdb.8
 SRCS=	services_mkdb.c uniq.c extern.h
+SERVICES_MKDB_CMD?=	${PROG}
 
 .include <bsd.endian.mk>
 .include <src.opts.mk>
 .if ${MK_SERVICESDB} != "no"
 afterinstallconfig:
-	services_mkdb ${CAP_MKDB_ENDIAN} -q -o ${DESTDIR}/var/db/services.db \
+	${SERVICES_MKDB_CMD} ${CAP_MKDB_ENDIAN} -q -o ${DESTDIR}/var/db/services.db \
 		${DESTDIR}/etc/services
 .if defined(NO_ROOT) && defined(METALOG)
 	echo "./var/db/services.db type=file mode=0644 uname=root gname=wheel" | \