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kea: Update documentation for Dynamic DNS feature, and ensure overall consistency (#857)
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Monviech
GitHub
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1 changed files with 211 additions and 115 deletions
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@ -33,6 +33,23 @@ Bind port Choose an unused port for communication he
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a non loopback address. The peer configuration by default uses the so called "Multi-Threaded Configuration (HA+MT)",
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in which case it starts a separate listener for the HA communication.
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-------------------------
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DDNS Agent
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-------------------------
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The Kea DHCP DDNS (D2) server is a middleware between the DHCP servers, and authoritative DNS servers.
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Enabling it is a requirement if dynamic DNS updates (RFC2136) should be sent when clients are assigned an IP address in configured subnets.
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========================================================================================================================================================
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==================================== ==================================================================================================================
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Enabled Enable DDNS server. To send updates to an authoritative nameserver, configure Dynamic DNS
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inside the DHCPv4 and DHCPv6 subnets.
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Bind address Address on which the DHCP DDNS server interface should be available; usually this is localhost (127.0.0.1).
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Bind port Portnumber to use for the DHCP DDNS server interface; default is 53001.
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==================================== ==================================================================================================================
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-------------------------
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Kea DHCPv4/v6
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-------------------------
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@ -46,22 +63,22 @@ This is the DHCPv4/v6 service available in KEA, which offers the following tab s
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========================================= ====================================================================================
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**Option** **Description**
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========================================= ====================================================================================
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**//Service**
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**Enabled** Enable DHCPv4/v6 server.
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**Manual config** Disable configuration file generation and manage the file
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**Service**
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Enabled Enable DHCPv4/v6 server.
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Manual config Disable configuration file generation and manage the file
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(/usr/local/etc/kea/kea-dhcp4.conf) or
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(/usr/local/etc/kea/kea-dhcp6.conf) manually.
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**//General settings**
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**Interfaces** Select interfaces to listen on.
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**Valid lifetime** Defines how long the addresses (leases) given out by the server are valid (in seconds)
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**Firewall rules** Automatically add a basic set of firewall rules to allow dhcp traffic, more fine grained
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**General settings**
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Interfaces Select interfaces to listen on.
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Valid lifetime Defines how long the addresses (leases) given out by the server are valid (in seconds)
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Firewall rules Automatically add a basic set of firewall rules to allow dhcp traffic, more fine grained
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controls can be offered manually when disabling this option.
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**Socket type** (DHCPv4 only) Socket type used for DHCP communication.
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**//High Availability**
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**Enabled** Enable High availability hook, requires the Control Agent to be enabled as well.
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**This server name** The name of this server, should match with one of the entries in the HA peers.
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Socket type** (DHCPv4 only) Socket type used for DHCP communication.
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**High Availability**
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Enabled Enable High availability hook, requires the Control Agent to be enabled as well.
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This server name The name of this server, should match with one of the entries in the HA peers.
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Leave empty to use this machines hostname
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**Max Unacked clients** This specifies the number of clients which send messages to the partner but appear to
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Max Unacked clients This specifies the number of clients which send messages to the partner but appear to
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not receive any response. A higher value needs a busier environment in order to consider
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a member down, when set to 0, any network disruption will cause a failover to happen.
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========================================= ====================================================================================
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@ -73,25 +90,31 @@ This is the DHCPv4/v6 service available in KEA, which offers the following tab s
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========================================= ====================================================================================
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**Option** **Description**
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========================================= ====================================================================================
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**Subnet** Subnet to use, should be large enough to hold the specified pools and reservations
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**Description** You may enter a description here for your reference (not parsed).
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**Pools** List of pools, one per line in range or subnet format (e.g. 192.168.0.100 - 192.168.0.200 , 192.0.2.64/26)
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**Match client-id** By default, KEA uses client-identifiers instead of MAC addresses to locate clients,
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Subnet Subnet to use, should be large enough to hold the specified pools and reservations
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Description You may enter a description here for your reference (not parsed).
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Pools List of pools, one per line in range or subnet format (e.g. 192.168.0.100 - 192.168.0.200 , 192.0.2.64/26)
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Match client-id By default, KEA uses client-identifiers instead of MAC addresses to locate clients,
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disabling this option changes back to matching on MAC address which is used by most dhcp implementations.
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**//DHCP option data**
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**Auto collect option data** Automatically update option data for relevant attributes as routers,
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**DHCP option data**
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Auto collect option data Automatically update option data for relevant attributes as routers,
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dns servers and ntp servers when applying settings from the gui.
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**Routers (gateway)** Default gateways to offer to the clients
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**Static routes** Static routes that the client should install in its routing cache, defined as dest-ip1,router-ip1,dest-ip2,router-ip2
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**DNS servers** DNS servers to offer to the clients
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**Domain name** The domain name to offer to the client, set to this firewall's domain name when left empty
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**Domain search** The domain search list to offer to the client
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**NTP servers** Specifies a list of IP addresses indicating NTP (RFC 5905) servers available to the client.
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**Time servers** Specifies a list of RFC 868 time servers available to the client.
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**Next server** Next server IP address
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**TFTP server** TFTP server address or FQDN
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**TFTP bootfile name** Boot filename to request
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**IPv6-only Preferred (Option 108)** The number of seconds for which the client should disable DHCPv4. The minimum value is 300 seconds.
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Routers (gateway) Default gateways to offer to the clients
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Static routes Static routes that the client should install in its routing cache, defined as dest-ip1,router-ip1,dest-ip2,router-ip2
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DNS servers DNS servers to offer to the clients
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Domain name The domain name to offer to the client, set to this firewall's domain name when left empty
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Domain search The domain search list to offer to the client
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NTP servers Specifies a list of IP addresses indicating NTP (RFC 5905) servers available to the client.
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Time servers Specifies a list of RFC 868 time servers available to the client.
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Next server Next server IP address
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TFTP server TFTP server address or FQDN
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TFTP bootfile name Boot filename to request
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IPv6-only Preferred (Option 108) The number of seconds for which the client should disable DHCPv4. The minimum value is 300 seconds.
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**Dynamic DNS**
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DNS forward zone DNS zone where DHCP clients should be registered (e.g. home.arpa)
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DNS server Authoritative DNS server receiving dynamic updates.
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TSIG key name TSIG key name used for secure DNS updates.
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TSIG key secret Base64 encoded TSIG key secret.
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TSIG key algorithm Algorithm used for TSIG authentication with the DNS server (e.g. hmac-sha256)
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========================================= ====================================================================================
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**DHCPv6**
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@ -99,15 +122,21 @@ This is the DHCPv4/v6 service available in KEA, which offers the following tab s
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========================================= ====================================================================================
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**Option** **Description**
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========================================= ====================================================================================
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**Subnet** Subnet to use, should be large enough to hold the specified pools and reservations
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**Interface** Select which interface this subnet belongs to
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**Allocator** Select allocator method to use when offering leases to clients.
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**PD Allocator** Select allocator method to use when offering prefix delegations to clients
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**Description** You may enter a description here for your reference (not parsed).
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**Pools** List of pools, one per line in range or subnet format (e.g. 2001:db8:1::-2001:db8:1::100, 2001:db8:1::/80
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**//DHCP option data**
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**DNS servers** DNS servers to offer to the clients
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**Domain search** The domain search list to offer to the client
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Subnet Subnet to use, should be large enough to hold the specified pools and reservations
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Interface Select which interface this subnet belongs to
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Allocator Select allocator method to use when offering leases to clients.
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PD Allocator Select allocator method to use when offering prefix delegations to clients
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Description You may enter a description here for your reference (not parsed).
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Pools List of pools, one per line in range or subnet format (e.g. 2001:db8:1::-2001:db8:1::100, 2001:db8:1::/80)
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**DHCP option data**
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DNS servers DNS servers to offer to the clients
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Domain search The domain search list to offer to the client
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**Dynamic DNS**
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DNS forward zone DNS zone where DHCP clients should be registered (e.g. home.arpa)
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DNS server Authoritative DNS server receiving dynamic updates.
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TSIG key name TSIG key name used for secure DNS updates.
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TSIG key secret Base64 encoded TSIG key secret.
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TSIG key algorithm Algorithm used for TSIG authentication with the DNS server (e.g. hmac-sha256)
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========================================= ====================================================================================
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.. tab:: PD Pools (DHCPv6)
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@ -115,17 +144,13 @@ This is the DHCPv4/v6 service available in KEA, which offers the following tab s
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========================================= ====================================================================================
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**Option** **Description**
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========================================= ====================================================================================
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**Subnet** Subnet this reservation belongs to
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**Prefix**
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**Prefix length**
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**Delegated length**
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**Description** You may enter a description here for your reference (not parsed).
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Subnet Subnet to use, should be large enough to hold the specified prefix.
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Prefix The prefix that will be used as prefix delegation pool.
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Prefix length The length of the prefix for the prefix delegation pool.
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Delegated length The length of each delegated prefix offered via the prefix delegation pool.
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Description You may enter a description here for your reference (not parsed).
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========================================= ====================================================================================
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.. Attention::
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Currently the delegated prefix will not create an automatic static route in the system routing table.
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.. tab:: Reservations (DHCPv4/v6)
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**DHCPv4**
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@ -133,24 +158,24 @@ This is the DHCPv4/v6 service available in KEA, which offers the following tab s
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========================================= ====================================================================================
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**Option** **Description**
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========================================= ====================================================================================
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**Subnet** Subnet this reservation belongs to
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**IP address** IP address to offer to the client
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**MAC address** MAC/Ether address of the client in question
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**Hostname** Offer a hostname to the client
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**Description** You may enter a description here for your reference (not parsed).
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**//DHCP option data**
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**Auto collect option data** Automatically update option data for relevant attributes as routers,
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Subnet Subnet this reservation belongs to
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IP address IP address to offer to the client
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MAC address MAC/Ether address of the client in question
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Hostname Offer a hostname to the client
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Description You may enter a description here for your reference (not parsed).
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**DHCP option data**
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Auto collect option data Automatically update option data for relevant attributes as routers,
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dns servers and ntp servers when applying settings from the gui.
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**Routers (gateway)** Default gateways to offer to the clients
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**Static routes** Static routes that the client should install in its routing cache, defined as dest-ip1,router-ip1,dest-ip2,router-ip2
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**DNS servers** DNS servers to offer to the clients
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**Domain name** The domain name to offer to the client, set to this firewall's domain name when left empty
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**Domain search** The domain search list to offer to the client
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**NTP servers** Specifies a list of IP addresses indicating NTP (RFC 5905) servers available to the client.
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**Time servers** Specifies a list of RFC 868 time servers available to the client.
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**Next server** Next server IP address
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**TFTP server** TFTP server address or FQDN
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**TFTP bootfile name** Boot filename to request
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Routers (gateway) Default gateways to offer to the clients
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Static routes Static routes that the client should install in its routing cache, defined as dest-ip1,router-ip1,dest-ip2,router-ip2
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DNS servers DNS servers to offer to the clients
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Domain name The domain name to offer to the client, set to this firewall's domain name when left empty
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Domain search The domain search list to offer to the client
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NTP servers Specifies a list of IP addresses indicating NTP (RFC 5905) servers available to the client.
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Time servers Specifies a list of RFC 868 time servers available to the client.
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Next server Next server IP address
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TFTP server TFTP server address or FQDN
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TFTP bootfile name Boot filename to request
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========================================= ====================================================================================
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**DHCPv6**
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@ -158,12 +183,12 @@ This is the DHCPv4/v6 service available in KEA, which offers the following tab s
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========================================= ====================================================================================
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**Option** **Description**
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========================================= ====================================================================================
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**Subnet** Subnet this reservation belongs to
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**IP address** IP address to offer to the client
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**DUID** DUID of the client in question
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**Hostname** Offer a hostname to the client
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**Domain search** The domain search list to offer to the client
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**Description** You may enter a description here for your reference (not parsed).
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Subnet Subnet this reservation belongs to
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IP address IP address to offer to the client
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DUID DUID of the client in question
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Hostname Offer a hostname to the client
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Domain search The domain search list to offer to the client
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Description You may enter a description here for your reference (not parsed).
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========================================= ====================================================================================
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.. tab:: HA Peers (DHCPv4/DHCPv6)
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@ -171,9 +196,9 @@ This is the DHCPv4/v6 service available in KEA, which offers the following tab s
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========================================= ====================================================================================
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**Option** **Description**
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========================================= ====================================================================================
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**Name** Peer name, there should be one entry matching this machines "This server name"
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**Role** This peers role
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**Url** This specifies the URL of our server instance, which should use a different port than the control agent. For example http://my-host:8001/
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Name Peer name, there should be one entry matching this machines "This server name"
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Role This peers role
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Url This specifies the URL of our server instance, which should use a different port than the control agent. For example http://my-host:8001/
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========================================= ====================================================================================
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.. Note:: Define HA peers for this cluster. All nodes should contain the exact same definitions (usually two hosts, a :code:`primary` and a :code:`standby` host)
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@ -206,11 +231,11 @@ LAN Network:
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- Go to :menuselection:`Services --> KEA DHCP --> Control Agent`:
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================================== =======================================================================================================
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Option Value
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**Option** **Value**
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================================== =======================================================================================================
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**Enabled** ``X``
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**Bind address** ``127.0.0.1``
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**Bind port** ``8000``
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Enabled ``X``
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Bind address ``127.0.0.1``
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Bind port ``8000``
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================================== =======================================================================================================
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- Press **Apply** then go to :menuselection:`Services --> KEA DHCP --> KEA DHCPv4` and follow through these tabs:
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@ -220,18 +245,18 @@ Option Value
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.. tab:: Settings
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================================== =======================================================================================================
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Option Value
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**Option** **Value**
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================================== =======================================================================================================
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**//Service**
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**Enabled** ``X``
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**Service**
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Enabled ``X``
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**//General settings**
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**Interfaces** ``LAN``
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**Firewall rules** ``X``
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**General settings**
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Interfaces ``LAN``
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Firewall rules** ``X``
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**//High Availability**
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**Enabled** ``X``
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**This server name** (It is highly recommended to use the offered default value)
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**High Availability**
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Enabled ``X``
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This server name (It is highly recommended to use the offered default value)
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================================== =======================================================================================================
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- Press **Apply** and go to **Subnets**
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@ -239,15 +264,15 @@ Option Value
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.. tab:: Subnets
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================================== =======================================================================================================
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Option Value
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**Option** **Value**
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================================== =======================================================================================================
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**Subnet** ``192.168.1.0/24``
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**Pools** ``192.168.1.100 - 192.168.1.199``
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Subnet ``192.168.1.0/24``
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Pools ``192.168.1.100 - 192.168.1.199``
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**//DHCP option data**
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**Auto collect option data** (This must be unchecked for HA)
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**Routers (gateway)** ``192.168.1.1`` (use the LAN CARP IP address)
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**DNS servers** ``192.168.1.1`` (use the LAN CARP IP address)
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**DHCP option data**
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Auto collect option data (This must be unchecked for HA)
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Routers (gateway) ``192.168.1.1`` (use the LAN CARP IP address)
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DNS servers ``192.168.1.1`` (use the LAN CARP IP address)
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================================== =======================================================================================================
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- Press **Save** and go to **HA Peers**
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@ -257,22 +282,22 @@ Option Value
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- First entry:
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================================== =======================================================================================================
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Option Value
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**Option** **Value**
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================================== =======================================================================================================
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**Name** (Use the name that is displayed in the settings Tab for "This server name" on the master)
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**Role** ``primary``
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**URL** ``http://192.168.1.2:8001/`` (Use the LAN interface IP of the master,
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Name (Use the name that is displayed in the settings Tab for "This server name" on the master)
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Role ``primary``
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URL ``http://192.168.1.2:8001/`` (Use the LAN interface IP of the master,
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the port must be different than the control agent)
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================================== =======================================================================================================
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- Second entry:
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================================== =======================================================================================================
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Option Value
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**Option** **Value**
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================================== =======================================================================================================
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**Name** (Use the name that is displayed in the settings Tab for "This server name" on the backup)
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**Role** ``standby``
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**URL** ``http://192.168.1.3:8001/`` (Use the LAN interface IP of the backup,
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Name (Use the name that is displayed in the settings Tab for "This server name" on the backup)
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Role ``standby``
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URL ``http://192.168.1.3:8001/`` (Use the LAN interface IP of the backup,
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the port must be different than the control agent)
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================================== =======================================================================================================
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@ -287,6 +312,75 @@ Then go to :menuselection:`System: --> High Availability --> Status` and press *
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Immediately afterwards, KEA will be active on both master and backup, and a bidirectional lease synchronization will be configured.
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Dynamic DNS (RFC2136)
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-------------------------
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KEA allows registering client FQDNs via dynamic DNS (RFC2136) to an authoritative DNS server.
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Such an authoritative DNS server will be ISC BIND or an alternative like PowerDNS. Recursive DNS servers like Dnsmasq or Unbound are not able to fulfill this role.
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When clients register their IP address, the DHCP server usually provides a `Domain Option` (DHCP option 15). This allows the client to construct an FQDN out of their configured
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hostname, and this domain. The DHCP server will receive this as `Client FQDN Option` (DHCP option 81), registering the hostname in the best matching configured forward zone.
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.. Attention::
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The client is responsible to send the Dynamic DNS update request via DHCP option 81. Only with this payload, the hostname will be registered in a forward zone.
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As an example setup, we have configured a zone like this in ISC BIND.
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The example taken from the `KEA DDNS <https://kea.readthedocs.io/en/latest/arm/ddns.html>`_ documentation:
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.. code::
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:
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key "key.four.example.com." {
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algorithm hmac-sha224;
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secret "bZEG7Ow8OgAUPfLWV3aAUQ==";
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};
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:
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To configure the forward zone for a DHCPv4 range, go to :menuselection:`Services --> KEA DHCP --> KEA DHCPv4` and select a subnet:
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================================== =======================================================================================================
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**Option** **Value**
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================================== =======================================================================================================
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Subnet ``192.168.1.0/24``
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Pools ``192.168.1.100 - 192.168.1.199``
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**DHCP option data**
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Auto collect option data (This must be unchecked)
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Routers (gateway) ``192.168.1.1``
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DNS servers ``192.168.1.1``
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Domain name ``four.example.com``
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**Dynamic DNS**
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DNS forward zone ``four.example.com.``
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DNS server ``203.0.113.1``
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TSIG key name ``key.four.example.com.``
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TSIG key secret ``bZEG7Ow8OgAUPfLWV3aAUQ==``
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TSIG key algorithm ``hmac-sha224``
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================================== =======================================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
Next, enable the KEA DDNS Agent. Go to :menuselection:`Services --> KEA DHCP --> DDNS Agent`:
|
||||
|
||||
================================== =======================================================================================================
|
||||
**Option** **Value**
|
||||
================================== =======================================================================================================
|
||||
Enabled ``X``
|
||||
Bind address ``127.0.0.1``
|
||||
Bind port ``53001``
|
||||
================================== =======================================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
After applying the configuration, the DHCP servers construct DDNS update requests, known as NameChangeRequests (NCRs), based on DHCP lease change events and then post them to the DDNS Agent.
|
||||
The DDNS Agent attempts to match each request to the appropriate DNS server and carries out the necessary conversation with those servers to update the DNS data.
|
||||
|
||||
.. Note::
|
||||
|
||||
The `TSIG key name` must be unique per `DNS forward zone`. If you configure multiple subnets with an identical `DNS forward zone`,
|
||||
but different `TSIG key names` and `TSIG key secrets`, only the first one will be taken into account.
|
||||
Best practice would be creating one unique `DNS forward zone` per subnet, each with a unique `TSIG key name`.
|
||||
|
||||
Prefix Delegation (IA_PD)
|
||||
------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -308,14 +402,14 @@ Prefix: ``fd80::/48``
|
|||
.. tab:: Settings
|
||||
|
||||
================================== =======================================================================================================
|
||||
Option Value
|
||||
**Option** **Value**
|
||||
================================== =======================================================================================================
|
||||
**//Service**
|
||||
**Enabled** ``X``
|
||||
**Service**
|
||||
Enabled ``X``
|
||||
|
||||
**//General settings**
|
||||
**Interfaces** ``LAN``
|
||||
**Firewall rules** ``X``
|
||||
**General settings**
|
||||
Interfaces ``LAN``
|
||||
Firewall rules ``X``
|
||||
================================== =======================================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
.. tab:: Subnets
|
||||
|
|
@ -323,10 +417,10 @@ Prefix: ``fd80::/48``
|
|||
For the IA_NA address pool, we take the first /52 prefix (``fd80::/52``) of the available /48 prefix (``fd80::/48``)
|
||||
|
||||
================================== =======================================================================================================
|
||||
Option Value
|
||||
**Option** **Value**
|
||||
================================== =======================================================================================================
|
||||
**Subnet** ``fd80::/48``
|
||||
**Pools** ``fd80::100 - fd80::199`` (/52 will be auto calculated via the pool)
|
||||
Subnet ``fd80::/48``
|
||||
Pools ``fd80::100 - fd80::199`` (/52 will be auto calculated via the pool)
|
||||
================================== =======================================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
.. tab:: PD Pools
|
||||
|
|
@ -334,12 +428,12 @@ Prefix: ``fd80::/48``
|
|||
For the IA_PD pool, we take the second /52 prefix (``fd80:0:0:1000::/52``), and lease up to 16 prefixes (``fd80:0:0:1000::/56 - fd80:0:0:10F0::/56``) to clients.
|
||||
|
||||
================================== =======================================================================================================
|
||||
Option Value
|
||||
**Option** **Value**
|
||||
================================== =======================================================================================================
|
||||
**Subnet** ``fd80::/48``
|
||||
**Prefix** ``fd80:0:0:1000::``
|
||||
**Prefix length** ``52``
|
||||
**Delegated length** ``56``
|
||||
Subnet ``fd80::/48``
|
||||
Prefix ``fd80:0:0:1000::``
|
||||
Prefix length ``52``
|
||||
Delegated length ``56``
|
||||
================================== =======================================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
After applying the configuration, clients will receive a IA_NA address (e.g. ``fd80::100/128``, ``fd80::101/128``) and a IA_PD prefix (e.g. ``fd80:0:0:1000::/56``, ``fd80:0:0:1010::/56``).
|
||||
|
|
@ -353,3 +447,5 @@ Leases DHCPv4/v6
|
|||
-------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
This page offers an overview of the (non static) leases being offered by KEA DHCPv4/v6.
|
||||
|
||||
.. Tip:: There are action buttons to quickly register and find reservations.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue