UNPROTO(1)

NAME
unproto - compile ANSI C with traditional UNIX C compiler

PACKAGE
unproto

SYNOPSIS
/somewhere/cpp ...
cc cflags -E file.c | unproto >file.i; cc cflags -c file.i

DESCRIPTION
This document describes a filter that sits in between the UNIX C preprocessor and the next UNIX C compiler stage, on the fly rewriting ANSI-style syntax to old-style syntax. Typically, the program is invoked by the native UNIX C compiler as an alternate preprocessor. The unprototyper in turn invokes the native C preprocessor and massages its output. Similar tricks can be used with the lint(1) command. Language constructs that are always rewritten:

function headings, prototypes, pointer types
    ANSI-C style function headings, function prototypes, function pointer types and type casts are rewritten to old style. <stdarg.h> support is provided for functions with variable-length argument lists.

character and string constants
    The \a and \x escape sequences are rewritten to their (three-digit) octal equivalents. Multiple string tokens are concatenated; an arbitrary number of whitespace or comment tokens may appear between successive string tokens. Within string constants, octal escape sequences are rewritten to the three-digit \ddd form, so that string concatenation produces correct results.

date and time
    The __DATE__ and __TIME__ tokens are replaced by string constants of the form "Mmm dd yyyy" and "hh:mm:ss", respectively. The result is subjected to string concatenation, just like any other string constant.

Language constructs that are rewritten only if the program has been configured to do so:

void types
    The unprototyper can be configured to rewrite "void *" to "char *", and even to rewrite plain "void" to "int". These features are configurable because many traditional UNIX C compilers do not need them. Note: (void) argument lists are always replaced by empty ones.

ANSI C constructs that are not rewritten because the traditional UNIX C preprocessor provides suitable workarounds:

const and volatile
    Use the "-Dconst=" and/or "-Dvolatile=" preprocessor directives to get rid of unimplemented keywords.

token pasting and stringizing
    The traditional UNIX C preprocessor provides excellent alternatives. For example:
    #define string(bar)     "bar"           /* instead of: # x */
    #define paste(x,y)      x/**y         /* instead of: x##y */
    There is a good reason why the # and ## operators are not implemented in the unprototyper. After program text has gone through a non-ANSI C preprocessor, all information about the grouping of the operands of # and ## is lost. Thus, if the unprototyper were to perform these operations, it would produce correct results only in the most trivial cases. Operands with embedded blanks, operands that expand to null tokens, and nested use of # and/or ## would cause all kinds of obscure problems.

Unsupported ANSI features:

trigraphs and #pragmas
    Trigraphs are useful only for systems with broken character sets. If the local compiler chokes on #pragma, insert a blank before the "#" character, and enclose the offending directive between #ifdef and #endif.

SEE ALSO
cc(1), how to specify a non-default C preprocessor. Some versions of the lint(1) command are implemented as a shell script. It should require only minor modification for integration with the unprototyper. Other versions of the lint(1) command accept the same command syntax as the C compiler for the specification of a non-default preprocessor. Some research may be needed.

FILES
/wherever/stdarg.h, provided with the unproto filter.

DIAGNOSTICS
Problems are reported on the standard error stream. A non-zero exit status means that there was a problem.

BUGS
The unprototyper should be run on preprocessed source only: unexpanded macros may confuse the program. Declarations of (object) are misunderstood and will result in syntax errors: the objects between parentheses disappear. Sometimes does not preserve whitespace after parentheses and commas. This is a purely aesthetical matter, and the compiler should not care. Whitespace within string constants is, of course, left intact. Does not generate explicit type casts for function-argument expressions. The lack of explicit conversions between integral and/or pointer argument types should not be a problem in environments where sizeof(int) == sizeof(long) == sizeof(pointer). A more serious problem is the lack of automatic type conversions between integral and floating-point argument types. Let lint(1) be your friend.

AUTHOR(S)
Wietse Venema (wietse@wzv.win.tue.nl)
Eindhoven University of Technology
Department of Mathematics and Computer Science
Den Dolech 2, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands

LAST MODIFICATION
93/06/18 22:29:37

VERSION/RELEASE
1.6