diff --git a/apps/contactsinteraction/lib/Db/CardSearchDao.php b/apps/contactsinteraction/lib/Db/CardSearchDao.php
index 962f9ff768b..0929cb7efa0 100644
--- a/apps/contactsinteraction/lib/Db/CardSearchDao.php
+++ b/apps/contactsinteraction/lib/Db/CardSearchDao.php
@@ -29,24 +29,24 @@ class CardSearchDao {
 		$cardQuery = $this->db->getQueryBuilder();
 		$propQuery = $this->db->getQueryBuilder();
 
-		$propOr = $propQuery->expr()->orX();
+		$additionalWheres = [];
 		if ($uid !== null) {
-			$propOr->add($propQuery->expr()->andX(
+			$additionalWheres[] = $propQuery->expr()->andX(
 				$propQuery->expr()->eq('name', $cardQuery->createNamedParameter('UID')),
 				$propQuery->expr()->eq('value', $cardQuery->createNamedParameter($uid))
-			));
+			);
 		}
 		if ($email !== null) {
-			$propOr->add($propQuery->expr()->andX(
+			$additionalWheres[] = $propQuery->expr()->andX(
 				$propQuery->expr()->eq('name', $cardQuery->createNamedParameter('EMAIL')),
 				$propQuery->expr()->eq('value', $cardQuery->createNamedParameter($email))
-			));
+			);
 		}
 		if ($cloudId !== null) {
-			$propOr->add($propQuery->expr()->andX(
+			$additionalWheres[] = $propQuery->expr()->andX(
 				$propQuery->expr()->eq('name', $cardQuery->createNamedParameter('CLOUD')),
 				$propQuery->expr()->eq('value', $cardQuery->createNamedParameter($cloudId))
-			));
+			);
 		}
 		$addressbooksQuery->selectDistinct('id')
 			->from('addressbooks')
@@ -54,8 +54,12 @@ class CardSearchDao {
 		$propQuery->selectDistinct('cardid')
 			->from('cards_properties')
 			->where($propQuery->expr()->in('addressbookid', $propQuery->createFunction($addressbooksQuery->getSQL()), IQueryBuilder::PARAM_INT_ARRAY))
-			->andWhere($propOr)
 			->groupBy('cardid');
+
+		if (!empty($additionalWheres)) {
+			$propQuery->andWhere($propQuery->expr()->orX(...$additionalWheres));
+		}
+
 		$cardQuery->select('carddata')
 			->from('cards')
 			->where($cardQuery->expr()->in('id', $cardQuery->createFunction($propQuery->getSQL()), IQueryBuilder::PARAM_INT_ARRAY))
diff --git a/apps/contactsinteraction/lib/Db/RecentContactMapper.php b/apps/contactsinteraction/lib/Db/RecentContactMapper.php
index e0b2ac723fb..c835b5287c8 100644
--- a/apps/contactsinteraction/lib/Db/RecentContactMapper.php
+++ b/apps/contactsinteraction/lib/Db/RecentContactMapper.php
@@ -61,23 +61,25 @@ class RecentContactMapper extends QBMapper {
 		?string $cloudId): array {
 		$qb = $this->db->getQueryBuilder();
 
-		$or = $qb->expr()->orX();
+		$additionalWheres = [];
 		if ($uid !== null) {
-			$or->add($qb->expr()->eq('uid', $qb->createNamedParameter($uid)));
+			$additionalWheres[] = $qb->expr()->eq('uid', $qb->createNamedParameter($uid));
 		}
 		if ($email !== null) {
-			$or->add($qb->expr()->eq('email', $qb->createNamedParameter($email)));
+			$additionalWheres[] = $qb->expr()->eq('email', $qb->createNamedParameter($email));
 		}
 		if ($cloudId !== null) {
-			$or->add($qb->expr()->eq('federated_cloud_id', $qb->createNamedParameter($cloudId)));
+			$additionalWheres[] = $qb->expr()->eq('federated_cloud_id', $qb->createNamedParameter($cloudId));
 		}
 
 		$select = $qb
 			->select('*')
 			->from($this->getTableName())
-			->where($or)
-			->andWhere($qb->expr()->eq('actor_uid', $qb->createNamedParameter($user->getUID())));
+			->where($qb->expr()->eq('actor_uid', $qb->createNamedParameter($user->getUID())));
 
+		if (!empty($additionalWheres)) {
+			$select->andWhere($select->expr()->orX(...$additionalWheres));
+		}
 		return $this->findEntities($select);
 	}
 
diff --git a/apps/dav/lib/CalDAV/CalDavBackend.php b/apps/dav/lib/CalDAV/CalDavBackend.php
index cc6c4344c3c..df4ed3c0405 100644
--- a/apps/dav/lib/CalDAV/CalDavBackend.php
+++ b/apps/dav/lib/CalDAV/CalDavBackend.php
@@ -1874,12 +1874,12 @@ class CalDavBackend extends AbstractBackend implements SyncSupport, Subscription
 		}
 
 		if (!empty($searchProperties)) {
-			$or = $innerQuery->expr()->orX();
+			$or = [];
 			foreach ($searchProperties as $searchProperty) {
-				$or->add($innerQuery->expr()->eq('op.name',
-					$outerQuery->createNamedParameter($searchProperty)));
+				$or[] = $innerQuery->expr()->eq('op.name',
+					$outerQuery->createNamedParameter($searchProperty));
 			}
-			$innerQuery->andWhere($or);
+			$innerQuery->andWhere($innerQuery->expr()->orX(...$or));
 		}
 
 		if ($pattern !== '') {
@@ -1923,12 +1923,12 @@ class CalDavBackend extends AbstractBackend implements SyncSupport, Subscription
 		}
 
 		if (!empty($options['types'])) {
-			$or = $outerQuery->expr()->orX();
+			$or = [];
 			foreach ($options['types'] as $type) {
-				$or->add($outerQuery->expr()->eq('componenttype',
-					$outerQuery->createNamedParameter($type)));
+				$or[] = $outerQuery->expr()->eq('componenttype',
+					$outerQuery->createNamedParameter($type));
 			}
-			$outerQuery->andWhere($or);
+			$outerQuery->andWhere($outerQuery->expr()->orX(...$or));
 		}
 
 		$outerQuery->andWhere($outerQuery->expr()->in('c.id', $outerQuery->createFunction($innerQuery->getSQL())));
@@ -2149,16 +2149,17 @@ class CalDavBackend extends AbstractBackend implements SyncSupport, Subscription
 			$escapePattern = !\array_key_exists('escape_like_param', $options) || $options['escape_like_param'] !== false;
 
 			$calendarObjectIdQuery = $this->db->getQueryBuilder();
-			$calendarOr = $calendarObjectIdQuery->expr()->orX();
-			$searchOr = $calendarObjectIdQuery->expr()->orX();
+			$calendarOr = [];
+			$searchOr = [];
 
 			// Fetch calendars and subscription
 			$calendars = $this->getCalendarsForUser($principalUri);
 			$subscriptions = $this->getSubscriptionsForUser($principalUri);
 			foreach ($calendars as $calendar) {
-				$calendarAnd = $calendarObjectIdQuery->expr()->andX();
-				$calendarAnd->add($calendarObjectIdQuery->expr()->eq('cob.calendarid', $calendarObjectIdQuery->createNamedParameter((int)$calendar['id'])));
-				$calendarAnd->add($calendarObjectIdQuery->expr()->eq('cob.calendartype', $calendarObjectIdQuery->createNamedParameter(self::CALENDAR_TYPE_CALENDAR)));
+				$calendarAnd = $calendarObjectIdQuery->expr()->andX(
+					$calendarObjectIdQuery->expr()->eq('cob.calendarid', $calendarObjectIdQuery->createNamedParameter((int)$calendar['id'])),
+					$calendarObjectIdQuery->expr()->eq('cob.calendartype', $calendarObjectIdQuery->createNamedParameter(self::CALENDAR_TYPE_CALENDAR)),
+				);
 
 				// If it's shared, limit search to public events
 				if (isset($calendar['{http://owncloud.org/ns}owner-principal'])
@@ -2166,12 +2167,13 @@ class CalDavBackend extends AbstractBackend implements SyncSupport, Subscription
 					$calendarAnd->add($calendarObjectIdQuery->expr()->eq('co.classification', $calendarObjectIdQuery->createNamedParameter(self::CLASSIFICATION_PUBLIC)));
 				}
 
-				$calendarOr->add($calendarAnd);
+				$calendarOr[] = $calendarAnd;
 			}
 			foreach ($subscriptions as $subscription) {
-				$subscriptionAnd = $calendarObjectIdQuery->expr()->andX();
-				$subscriptionAnd->add($calendarObjectIdQuery->expr()->eq('cob.calendarid', $calendarObjectIdQuery->createNamedParameter((int)$subscription['id'])));
-				$subscriptionAnd->add($calendarObjectIdQuery->expr()->eq('cob.calendartype', $calendarObjectIdQuery->createNamedParameter(self::CALENDAR_TYPE_SUBSCRIPTION)));
+				$subscriptionAnd = $calendarObjectIdQuery->expr()->andX(
+					$calendarObjectIdQuery->expr()->eq('cob.calendarid', $calendarObjectIdQuery->createNamedParameter((int)$subscription['id'])),
+					$calendarObjectIdQuery->expr()->eq('cob.calendartype', $calendarObjectIdQuery->createNamedParameter(self::CALENDAR_TYPE_SUBSCRIPTION)),
+				);
 
 				// If it's shared, limit search to public events
 				if (isset($subscription['{http://owncloud.org/ns}owner-principal'])
@@ -2179,28 +2181,30 @@ class CalDavBackend extends AbstractBackend implements SyncSupport, Subscription
 					$subscriptionAnd->add($calendarObjectIdQuery->expr()->eq('co.classification', $calendarObjectIdQuery->createNamedParameter(self::CLASSIFICATION_PUBLIC)));
 				}
 
-				$calendarOr->add($subscriptionAnd);
+				$calendarOr[] = $subscriptionAnd;
 			}
 
 			foreach ($searchProperties as $property) {
-				$propertyAnd = $calendarObjectIdQuery->expr()->andX();
-				$propertyAnd->add($calendarObjectIdQuery->expr()->eq('cob.name', $calendarObjectIdQuery->createNamedParameter($property, IQueryBuilder::PARAM_STR)));
-				$propertyAnd->add($calendarObjectIdQuery->expr()->isNull('cob.parameter'));
+				$propertyAnd = $calendarObjectIdQuery->expr()->andX(
+					$calendarObjectIdQuery->expr()->eq('cob.name', $calendarObjectIdQuery->createNamedParameter($property, IQueryBuilder::PARAM_STR)),
+					$calendarObjectIdQuery->expr()->isNull('cob.parameter'),
+				);
 
-				$searchOr->add($propertyAnd);
+				$searchOr[] = $propertyAnd;
 			}
 			foreach ($searchParameters as $property => $parameter) {
-				$parameterAnd = $calendarObjectIdQuery->expr()->andX();
-				$parameterAnd->add($calendarObjectIdQuery->expr()->eq('cob.name', $calendarObjectIdQuery->createNamedParameter($property, IQueryBuilder::PARAM_STR)));
-				$parameterAnd->add($calendarObjectIdQuery->expr()->eq('cob.parameter', $calendarObjectIdQuery->createNamedParameter($parameter, IQueryBuilder::PARAM_STR_ARRAY)));
+				$parameterAnd = $calendarObjectIdQuery->expr()->andX(
+					$calendarObjectIdQuery->expr()->eq('cob.name', $calendarObjectIdQuery->createNamedParameter($property, IQueryBuilder::PARAM_STR)),
+					$calendarObjectIdQuery->expr()->eq('cob.parameter', $calendarObjectIdQuery->createNamedParameter($parameter, IQueryBuilder::PARAM_STR_ARRAY)),
+				);
 
-				$searchOr->add($parameterAnd);
+				$searchOr[] = $parameterAnd;
 			}
 
-			if ($calendarOr->count() === 0) {
+			if (empty($calendarOr)) {
 				return [];
 			}
-			if ($searchOr->count() === 0) {
+			if (empty($searchOr)) {
 				return [];
 			}
 
@@ -2208,8 +2212,8 @@ class CalDavBackend extends AbstractBackend implements SyncSupport, Subscription
 				->from($this->dbObjectPropertiesTable, 'cob')
 				->leftJoin('cob', 'calendarobjects', 'co', $calendarObjectIdQuery->expr()->eq('co.id', 'cob.objectid'))
 				->andWhere($calendarObjectIdQuery->expr()->in('co.componenttype', $calendarObjectIdQuery->createNamedParameter($componentTypes, IQueryBuilder::PARAM_STR_ARRAY)))
-				->andWhere($calendarOr)
-				->andWhere($searchOr)
+				->andWhere($calendarObjectIdQuery->expr()->orX(...$calendarOr))
+				->andWhere($calendarObjectIdQuery->expr()->orX(...$searchOr))
 				->andWhere($calendarObjectIdQuery->expr()->isNull('deleted_at'));
 
 			if ($pattern !== '') {
diff --git a/apps/dav/lib/CardDAV/CardDavBackend.php b/apps/dav/lib/CardDAV/CardDavBackend.php
index cdbbc228047..9d787c917d3 100644
--- a/apps/dav/lib/CardDAV/CardDavBackend.php
+++ b/apps/dav/lib/CardDAV/CardDavBackend.php
@@ -1148,20 +1148,20 @@ class CardDavBackend implements BackendInterface, SyncSupport {
 			/**
 			 * FIXME Find a way to match only 4 last digits
 			 * BDAY can be --1018 without year or 20001019 with it
-			 * $bDayOr = $query2->expr()->orX();
+			 * $bDayOr = [];
 			 * if ($options['since'] instanceof DateTimeFilter) {
-			 * $bDayOr->add(
+			 * $bDayOr[] =
 			 * $query2->expr()->gte('SUBSTR(cp_bday.value, -4)',
-			 * $query2->createNamedParameter($options['since']->get()->format('md')))
+			 * $query2->createNamedParameter($options['since']->get()->format('md'))
 			 * );
 			 * }
 			 * if ($options['until'] instanceof DateTimeFilter) {
-			 * $bDayOr->add(
+			 * $bDayOr[] =
 			 * $query2->expr()->lte('SUBSTR(cp_bday.value, -4)',
-			 * $query2->createNamedParameter($options['until']->get()->format('md')))
+			 * $query2->createNamedParameter($options['until']->get()->format('md'))
 			 * );
 			 * }
-			 * $query2->andWhere($bDayOr);
+			 * $query2->andWhere($query2->expr()->orX(...$bDayOr));
 			 */
 		}
 
diff --git a/lib/private/BackgroundJob/JobList.php b/lib/private/BackgroundJob/JobList.php
index cec487fbe7b..cefd1e6a892 100644
--- a/lib/private/BackgroundJob/JobList.php
+++ b/lib/private/BackgroundJob/JobList.php
@@ -203,12 +203,12 @@ class JobList implements IJobList {
 			$query->andWhere($query->expr()->eq('time_sensitive', $query->createNamedParameter(IJob::TIME_SENSITIVE, IQueryBuilder::PARAM_INT)));
 		}
 
-		if ($jobClasses !== null && count($jobClasses) > 0) {
-			$orClasses = $query->expr()->orx();
+		if (!empty($jobClasses)) {
+			$orClasses = [];
 			foreach ($jobClasses as $jobClass) {
-				$orClasses->add($query->expr()->eq('class', $query->createNamedParameter($jobClass, IQueryBuilder::PARAM_STR)));
+				$orClasses[] = $query->expr()->eq('class', $query->createNamedParameter($jobClass, IQueryBuilder::PARAM_STR));
 			}
-			$query->andWhere($orClasses);
+			$query->andWhere($query->expr()->orX(...$orClasses));
 		}
 
 		$result = $query->executeQuery();
diff --git a/lib/private/DB/Connection.php b/lib/private/DB/Connection.php
index 425d034fd07..271560a1f14 100644
--- a/lib/private/DB/Connection.php
+++ b/lib/private/DB/Connection.php
@@ -459,22 +459,22 @@ class Connection extends PrimaryReadReplicaConnection {
 			foreach ($values as $name => $value) {
 				$updateQb->set($name, $updateQb->createNamedParameter($value, $this->getType($value)));
 			}
-			$where = $updateQb->expr()->andX();
+			$where = [];
 			$whereValues = array_merge($keys, $updatePreconditionValues);
 			foreach ($whereValues as $name => $value) {
 				if ($value === '') {
-					$where->add($updateQb->expr()->emptyString(
+					$where[] = $updateQb->expr()->emptyString(
 						$name
-					));
+					);
 				} else {
-					$where->add($updateQb->expr()->eq(
+					$where[] = $updateQb->expr()->eq(
 						$name,
 						$updateQb->createNamedParameter($value, $this->getType($value)),
 						$this->getType($value)
-					));
+					);
 				}
 			}
-			$updateQb->where($where);
+			$updateQb->where($updateQb->expr()->andX(...$where));
 			$affected = $updateQb->executeStatement();
 
 			if ($affected === 0 && !empty($updatePreconditionValues)) {
diff --git a/lib/private/DB/QueryBuilder/QueryBuilder.php b/lib/private/DB/QueryBuilder/QueryBuilder.php
index 93a2120ec9a..d163b1e32dc 100644
--- a/lib/private/DB/QueryBuilder/QueryBuilder.php
+++ b/lib/private/DB/QueryBuilder/QueryBuilder.php
@@ -838,9 +838,10 @@ class QueryBuilder implements IQueryBuilder {
 	 *     // You can optionally programmatically build and/or expressions
 	 *     $qb = $conn->getQueryBuilder();
 	 *
-	 *     $or = $qb->expr()->orx();
-	 *     $or->add($qb->expr()->eq('u.id', 1));
-	 *     $or->add($qb->expr()->eq('u.id', 2));
+	 *     $or = $qb->expr()->orx(
+	 *         $qb->expr()->eq('u.id', 1),
+	 *         $qb->expr()->eq('u.id', 2),
+	 *     );
 	 *
 	 *     $qb->update('users', 'u')
 	 *         ->set('u.password', md5('password'))
diff --git a/lib/private/TaskProcessing/Db/TaskMapper.php b/lib/private/TaskProcessing/Db/TaskMapper.php
index 86b2a2fcc59..da3910dcb3d 100644
--- a/lib/private/TaskProcessing/Db/TaskMapper.php
+++ b/lib/private/TaskProcessing/Db/TaskMapper.php
@@ -59,16 +59,16 @@ class TaskMapper extends QBMapper {
 			->setMaxResults(1)
 			->orderBy('last_updated', 'ASC');
 
-		if (count($taskTypes) > 0) {
-			$filter = $qb->expr()->orX();
+		if (!empty($taskTypes)) {
+			$filter = [];
 			foreach ($taskTypes as $taskType) {
-				$filter->add($qb->expr()->eq('type', $qb->createPositionalParameter($taskType)));
+				$filter[] = $qb->expr()->eq('type', $qb->createPositionalParameter($taskType));
 			}
 
-			$qb->andWhere($filter);
+			$qb->andWhere($qb->expr()->orX(...$filter));
 		}
 
-		if (count($taskIdsToIgnore) > 0) {
+		if (!empty($taskIdsToIgnore)) {
 			$qb->andWhere($qb->expr()->notIn('id', $qb->createNamedParameter($taskIdsToIgnore, IQueryBuilder::PARAM_INT_ARRAY)));
 		}
 
diff --git a/lib/public/DB/QueryBuilder/IQueryBuilder.php b/lib/public/DB/QueryBuilder/IQueryBuilder.php
index 4d6ab1bd592..ee992493738 100644
--- a/lib/public/DB/QueryBuilder/IQueryBuilder.php
+++ b/lib/public/DB/QueryBuilder/IQueryBuilder.php
@@ -608,9 +608,10 @@ interface IQueryBuilder {
 	 *     // You can optionally programmatically build and/or expressions
 	 *     $qb = $conn->getQueryBuilder();
 	 *
-	 *     $or = $qb->expr()->orx();
-	 *     $or->add($qb->expr()->eq('u.id', 1));
-	 *     $or->add($qb->expr()->eq('u.id', 2));
+	 *     $or = $qb->expr()->orx(
+	 *         $qb->expr()->eq('u.id', 1),
+	 *         $qb->expr()->eq('u.id', 2),
+	 *     );
 	 *
 	 *     $qb->update('users', 'u')
 	 *         ->set('u.password', md5('password'))