Merge pull request #60795 from nextcloud/backport/60765/stable34

[stable34] Background jobs improvements

core/Command/Background/RunningJobs.php

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+/**
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Nextcloud GmbH and Nextcloud contributors
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+namespace OC\Core\Command\Background;
+
+use OC\BackgroundJob\JobRuns;
+use OC\Core\Command\Base;
+use OCP\IConfig;
+use Override;
+use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputInterface;
+use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputOption;
+use Symfony\Component\Console\Output\OutputInterface;
+
+final class RunningJobs extends Base {
+	public function __construct(
+		private readonly JobRuns $jobRuns,
+		private IConfig $config,
+	) {
+		parent::__construct();
+	}
+
+	#[Override]
+	protected function configure(): void {
+		parent::configure();
+
+		$help = <<<EOF
+			Display all currently running background jobs.
+
+			You can find the following informations:
+			  - <info>Run ID:</info> job identifier a found in database (Snowflake ID)
+			  - <info>Class:</info> class of the job
+			  - <info>Started at:</info> start time of the job
+			  - <info>Server ID:</info> server ID as defined in <options=bold>config.php</> (see `serverid`). Highlighted if it’s running on current server.
+			  - <info>PID:</info> PID of process executing the job
+			  - <info>Running since:</info> human readable elapsed time since job started
+
+			EOF;
+
+		$this
+			->setName('background-job:running')
+			->setDescription('Show currently running jobs')
+			->setHelp($help)
+			->addOption('limit', 'l', InputOption::VALUE_REQUIRED, 'Maximum number of results returned by the command', 200);
+	}
+
+	#[Override]
+	protected function execute(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output): int {
+		$limit = (int)$input->getOption('limit');
+		$jobs = $this->jobRuns->runningJobs($limit);
+		$this->writeStreamingTableInOutputFormat($input, $output, $this->formatLine($jobs), 20);
+
+		return Base::SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+	private function formatLine(iterable $jobs): \Generator {
+		$now = time();
+		$currentServerId = $this->config->getSystemValueInt('serverid', -1);
+		foreach ($jobs as $job) {
+			yield [
+				'Run ID' => $job->runId,
+				'Class' => $job->className,
+				'Started at' => $job->startedAt->format('Y-m-d H:i:s'),
+				'Server ID' => $job->serverId === $currentServerId ? '<info>' . $job->serverId . '</info>' : $job->serverId,
+				'PID' => $job->pid,
+				'Running since' => $this->formatDuration($now - $job->startedAt->format('U')),
+			];
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * TODO Move this function to utils class with better formatting (plural, i18n…)
+	 */
+	private function formatDuration(int $seconds): string {
+		if ($seconds < 60) {
+			return sprintf('%d seconds', $seconds);
+		}
+		if ($seconds < 3600) {
+			return sprintf('%d minutes', $seconds / 60);
+		}
+		if ($seconds < (3600 * 24)) {
+			return sprintf('> %d hours', $seconds / 3600);
+		}
+
+		return sprintf('> %d days', $seconds / (3600 * 24));
+	}
+}

core/Migrations/Version34000Date20260518163022.php

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+/**
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Nextcloud GmbH and Nextcloud contributors
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+namespace OC\Core\Migrations;
+
+use Closure;
+use OCP\DB\ISchemaWrapper;
+use OCP\DB\Types;
+use OCP\Migration\Attributes\AddIndex;
+use OCP\Migration\Attributes\CreateTable;
+use OCP\Migration\Attributes\IndexType;
+use OCP\Migration\IOutput;
+use OCP\Migration\SimpleMigrationStep;
+use Override;
+
+#[CreateTable(table: 'job_classes_registry', columns: ['class_id', 'class_name'], description: 'New table to map job class name to an ID')]
+#[AddIndex(table: 'job_classes_registry', type: IndexType::PRIMARY)]
+#[AddIndex(table: 'job_classes_registry', type: IndexType::UNIQUE, description: 'Ensure each class is registered only once')]
+class Version34000Date20260518163022 extends SimpleMigrationStep {
+	#[Override]
+	public function changeSchema(IOutput $output, Closure $schemaClosure, array $options): ?ISchemaWrapper {
+		/** @var ISchemaWrapper $schema */
+		$schema = $schemaClosure();
+
+		if (!$schema->hasTable('job_classes_registry')) {
+			$table = $schema->createTable('job_classes_registry');
+			$table->addColumn('class_id', Types::BIGINT, [
+				'autoincrement' => true,
+				'notnull' => true,
+				'unsigned' => true,
+			]);
+			$table->addColumn('class_name', Types::STRING, ['notnull' => true, 'length' => 255]);
+			$table->setPrimaryKey(['class_id']);
+			$table->addUniqueConstraint(['class_name'], 'class_index');
+
+			return $schema;
+		}
+
+		return null;
+	}
+}

core/Migrations/Version34000Date20260521110333.php

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+/**
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Nextcloud GmbH and Nextcloud contributors
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+namespace OC\Core\Migrations;
+
+use Closure;
+use OCP\DB\ISchemaWrapper;
+use OCP\DB\Types;
+use OCP\Migration\Attributes\AddIndex;
+use OCP\Migration\Attributes\CreateTable;
+use OCP\Migration\Attributes\IndexType;
+use OCP\Migration\IOutput;
+use OCP\Migration\SimpleMigrationStep;
+use Override;
+
+#[CreateTable(
+	table: 'job_runs',
+	columns: ['class_id', 'pid', 'status', 'duration', 'ram_peak_usage'],
+	description: 'New table to store executions of background jobs',
+)]
+#[AddIndex(table: 'job_runs', type: IndexType::PRIMARY)]
+#[AddIndex(table: 'job_runs', type: IndexType::INDEX, description: 'Allows to search on job status')]
+class Version34000Date20260521110333 extends SimpleMigrationStep {
+	#[Override]
+	public function changeSchema(IOutput $output, Closure $schemaClosure, array $options): ?ISchemaWrapper {
+		/** @var ISchemaWrapper $schema */
+		$schema = $schemaClosure();
+
+		if (!$schema->hasTable('job_runs')) {
+			$table = $schema->createTable('job_runs');
+			$table->addColumn('run_id', Types::BIGINT, [
+				'notnull' => true,
+				'unsigned' => true,
+			]);
+			$table->addColumn('class_id', Types::BIGINT, ['notnull' => true]);
+			$table->addColumn('pid', Types::INTEGER, ['notnull' => true]); // Should be MEDIUMINT
+			$table->addColumn('status', Types::SMALLINT, ['notnull' => true]); // Should be TINYINT
+			$table->addColumn('duration', Types::INTEGER, ['notnull' => true, 'default' => 0]);
+			$table->addColumn('ram_peak_usage', Types::INTEGER, ['notnull' => true, 'default' => 0]); // Should be MEDIUMINT
+			$table->setPrimaryKey(['run_id']);
+			$table->addIndex(['status'], 'status');
+
+			return $schema;
+		}
+
+		return null;
+	}
+}

core/Service/CronService.php

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ namespace OC\Core\Service;
 
 use OC;
 use OC\Authentication\LoginCredentials\Store;
+use OC\BackgroundJob\JobClassesRegistry;
+use OC\BackgroundJob\JobRuns;
 use OC\DB\Connection;
 use OC\Security\CSRF\TokenStorage\SessionStorage;
 use OC\Session\CryptoWrapper;
@@ -49,6 +51,8 @@ class CronService {
 		private readonly ITempManager $tempManager,
 		private readonly IAppConfig $appConfig,
 		private readonly IJobList $jobList,
+		private readonly JobRuns $jobRuns,
+		private readonly JobClassesRegistry $jobClassesRegistry,
 		private readonly ISetupManager $setupManager,
 		private readonly bool $isCLI,
 	) {
@@ -185,20 +189,27 @@ class CronService {
 				break;
 			}
 
-			$jobDetails = get_class($job) . ' (id: ' . $job->getId() . ', arguments: ' . json_encode($job->getArgument()) . ')';
+			$jobClass = get_class($job);
+			$jobDetails = $jobClass . ' (id: ' . $job->getId() . ', arguments: ' . json_encode($job->getArgument()) . ')';
 			$this->logger->debug('CLI cron call has selected job ' . $jobDetails, ['app' => 'cron']);
 
 			$this->verboseOutput('Starting job ' . $jobDetails);
 
-			$startTime = microtime(true);
 			$referenceMemory = memory_get_usage();
 			memory_reset_peak_usage();
 
+			$jobClassId = $this->jobClassesRegistry->getId($jobClass);
+			$jobRunId = $this->jobRuns->started($jobClassId);
+			$startTime = microtime(true);
 			$job->start($this->jobList);
 
 			$memoryIncrease = memory_get_usage() - $referenceMemory;
 			$timeSpent = microtime(true) - $startTime;
-			$jobMemoryPeak = memory_get_peak_usage() - $referenceMemory;
+			$jobMemoryPeak = memory_get_peak_usage();
+			// TODO Job failure will never be caught here because exceptions are caught within $job->start method
+			// The error will only be visible in server logs.
+			// It should be a temporary state until a proper job runner is implemented.
+			$this->jobRuns->finished($jobRunId, (int)($timeSpent * 1000), (int)($jobMemoryPeak / 1024));
 
 			$cronInterval = 5 * 60;
 			if ($timeSpent > $cronInterval) {

core/register_command.php

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ use OC\Core\Command\Background\Job;
 use OC\Core\Command\Background\JobWorker;
 use OC\Core\Command\Background\ListCommand;
 use OC\Core\Command\Background\Mode;
+use OC\Core\Command\Background\RunningJobs;
 use OC\Core\Command\Broadcast\Test;
 use OC\Core\Command\Check;
 use OC\Core\Command\Config\App\DeleteConfig;
@@ -144,6 +145,7 @@ if ($config->getSystemValueBool('installed', false)) {
 	$application->add(Server::get(ListCommand::class));
 	$application->add(Server::get(Delete::class));
 	$application->add(Server::get(JobWorker::class));
+	$application->add(Server::get(RunningJobs::class));
 
 	$application->add(Server::get(Test::class));
 

lib/composer/composer/autoload_classmap.php

@@ -200,8 +200,11 @@ return array(
     'OCP\\AutoloadNotAllowedException' => $baseDir . '/lib/public/AutoloadNotAllowedException.php',
     'OCP\\BackgroundJob\\IJob' => $baseDir . '/lib/public/BackgroundJob/IJob.php',
     'OCP\\BackgroundJob\\IJobList' => $baseDir . '/lib/public/BackgroundJob/IJobList.php',
+    'OCP\\BackgroundJob\\IJobRuns' => $baseDir . '/lib/public/BackgroundJob/IJobRuns.php',
     'OCP\\BackgroundJob\\IParallelAwareJob' => $baseDir . '/lib/public/BackgroundJob/IParallelAwareJob.php',
     'OCP\\BackgroundJob\\Job' => $baseDir . '/lib/public/BackgroundJob/Job.php',
+    'OCP\\BackgroundJob\\JobRun' => $baseDir . '/lib/public/BackgroundJob/JobRun.php',
+    'OCP\\BackgroundJob\\JobStatus' => $baseDir . '/lib/public/BackgroundJob/JobStatus.php',
     'OCP\\BackgroundJob\\QueuedJob' => $baseDir . '/lib/public/BackgroundJob/QueuedJob.php',
     'OCP\\BackgroundJob\\TimedJob' => $baseDir . '/lib/public/BackgroundJob/TimedJob.php',
     'OCP\\BeforeSabrePubliclyLoadedEvent' => $baseDir . '/lib/public/BeforeSabrePubliclyLoadedEvent.php',
@@ -1250,7 +1253,9 @@ return array(
     'OC\\Avatar\\GuestAvatar' => $baseDir . '/lib/private/Avatar/GuestAvatar.php',
     'OC\\Avatar\\PlaceholderAvatar' => $baseDir . '/lib/private/Avatar/PlaceholderAvatar.php',
     'OC\\Avatar\\UserAvatar' => $baseDir . '/lib/private/Avatar/UserAvatar.php',
+    'OC\\BackgroundJob\\JobClassesRegistry' => $baseDir . '/lib/private/BackgroundJob/JobClassesRegistry.php',
     'OC\\BackgroundJob\\JobList' => $baseDir . '/lib/private/BackgroundJob/JobList.php',
+    'OC\\BackgroundJob\\JobRuns' => $baseDir . '/lib/private/BackgroundJob/JobRuns.php',
     'OC\\BinaryFinder' => $baseDir . '/lib/private/BinaryFinder.php',
     'OC\\Blurhash\\Listener\\GenerateBlurhashMetadata' => $baseDir . '/lib/private/Blurhash/Listener/GenerateBlurhashMetadata.php',
     'OC\\Broadcast\\Events\\BroadcastEvent' => $baseDir . '/lib/private/Broadcast/Events/BroadcastEvent.php',
@@ -1333,6 +1338,7 @@ return array(
     'OC\\Core\\Command\\Background\\JobWorker' => $baseDir . '/core/Command/Background/JobWorker.php',
     'OC\\Core\\Command\\Background\\ListCommand' => $baseDir . '/core/Command/Background/ListCommand.php',
     'OC\\Core\\Command\\Background\\Mode' => $baseDir . '/core/Command/Background/Mode.php',
+    'OC\\Core\\Command\\Background\\RunningJobs' => $baseDir . '/core/Command/Background/RunningJobs.php',
     'OC\\Core\\Command\\Base' => $baseDir . '/core/Command/Base.php',
     'OC\\Core\\Command\\Broadcast\\Test' => $baseDir . '/core/Command/Broadcast/Test.php',
     'OC\\Core\\Command\\Check' => $baseDir . '/core/Command/Check.php',
@@ -1607,6 +1613,8 @@ return array(
     'OC\\Core\\Migrations\\Version33000Date20260126120000' => $baseDir . '/core/Migrations/Version33000Date20260126120000.php',
     'OC\\Core\\Migrations\\Version34000Date20260318095645' => $baseDir . '/core/Migrations/Version34000Date20260318095645.php',
     'OC\\Core\\Migrations\\Version34000Date20260415161745' => $baseDir . '/core/Migrations/Version34000Date20260415161745.php',
+    'OC\\Core\\Migrations\\Version34000Date20260518163022' => $baseDir . '/core/Migrations/Version34000Date20260518163022.php',
+    'OC\\Core\\Migrations\\Version34000Date20260521110333' => $baseDir . '/core/Migrations/Version34000Date20260521110333.php',
     'OC\\Core\\Notification\\CoreNotifier' => $baseDir . '/core/Notification/CoreNotifier.php',
     'OC\\Core\\ResponseDefinitions' => $baseDir . '/core/ResponseDefinitions.php',
     'OC\\Core\\Service\\CronService' => $baseDir . '/core/Service/CronService.php',

lib/composer/composer/autoload_static.php

@@ -241,8 +241,11 @@ class ComposerStaticInit749170dad3f5e7f9ca158f5a9f04f6a2
         'OCP\\AutoloadNotAllowedException' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/public/AutoloadNotAllowedException.php',
         'OCP\\BackgroundJob\\IJob' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/public/BackgroundJob/IJob.php',
         'OCP\\BackgroundJob\\IJobList' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/public/BackgroundJob/IJobList.php',
+        'OCP\\BackgroundJob\\IJobRuns' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/public/BackgroundJob/IJobRuns.php',
         'OCP\\BackgroundJob\\IParallelAwareJob' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/public/BackgroundJob/IParallelAwareJob.php',
         'OCP\\BackgroundJob\\Job' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/public/BackgroundJob/Job.php',
+        'OCP\\BackgroundJob\\JobRun' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/public/BackgroundJob/JobRun.php',
+        'OCP\\BackgroundJob\\JobStatus' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/public/BackgroundJob/JobStatus.php',
         'OCP\\BackgroundJob\\QueuedJob' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/public/BackgroundJob/QueuedJob.php',
         'OCP\\BackgroundJob\\TimedJob' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/public/BackgroundJob/TimedJob.php',
         'OCP\\BeforeSabrePubliclyLoadedEvent' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/public/BeforeSabrePubliclyLoadedEvent.php',
@@ -1291,7 +1294,9 @@ class ComposerStaticInit749170dad3f5e7f9ca158f5a9f04f6a2
         'OC\\Avatar\\GuestAvatar' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/private/Avatar/GuestAvatar.php',
         'OC\\Avatar\\PlaceholderAvatar' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/private/Avatar/PlaceholderAvatar.php',
         'OC\\Avatar\\UserAvatar' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/private/Avatar/UserAvatar.php',
+        'OC\\BackgroundJob\\JobClassesRegistry' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/private/BackgroundJob/JobClassesRegistry.php',
         'OC\\BackgroundJob\\JobList' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/private/BackgroundJob/JobList.php',
+        'OC\\BackgroundJob\\JobRuns' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/private/BackgroundJob/JobRuns.php',
         'OC\\BinaryFinder' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/private/BinaryFinder.php',
         'OC\\Blurhash\\Listener\\GenerateBlurhashMetadata' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/private/Blurhash/Listener/GenerateBlurhashMetadata.php',
         'OC\\Broadcast\\Events\\BroadcastEvent' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/private/Broadcast/Events/BroadcastEvent.php',
@@ -1374,6 +1379,7 @@ class ComposerStaticInit749170dad3f5e7f9ca158f5a9f04f6a2
         'OC\\Core\\Command\\Background\\JobWorker' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/core/Command/Background/JobWorker.php',
         'OC\\Core\\Command\\Background\\ListCommand' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/core/Command/Background/ListCommand.php',
         'OC\\Core\\Command\\Background\\Mode' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/core/Command/Background/Mode.php',
+        'OC\\Core\\Command\\Background\\RunningJobs' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/core/Command/Background/RunningJobs.php',
         'OC\\Core\\Command\\Base' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/core/Command/Base.php',
         'OC\\Core\\Command\\Broadcast\\Test' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/core/Command/Broadcast/Test.php',
         'OC\\Core\\Command\\Check' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/core/Command/Check.php',
@@ -1648,6 +1654,8 @@ class ComposerStaticInit749170dad3f5e7f9ca158f5a9f04f6a2
         'OC\\Core\\Migrations\\Version33000Date20260126120000' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/core/Migrations/Version33000Date20260126120000.php',
         'OC\\Core\\Migrations\\Version34000Date20260318095645' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/core/Migrations/Version34000Date20260318095645.php',
         'OC\\Core\\Migrations\\Version34000Date20260415161745' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/core/Migrations/Version34000Date20260415161745.php',
+        'OC\\Core\\Migrations\\Version34000Date20260518163022' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/core/Migrations/Version34000Date20260518163022.php',
+        'OC\\Core\\Migrations\\Version34000Date20260521110333' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/core/Migrations/Version34000Date20260521110333.php',
         'OC\\Core\\Notification\\CoreNotifier' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/core/Notification/CoreNotifier.php',
         'OC\\Core\\ResponseDefinitions' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/core/ResponseDefinitions.php',
         'OC\\Core\\Service\\CronService' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/core/Service/CronService.php',

lib/private/BackgroundJob/JobClassesRegistry.php

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+/**
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Nextcloud GmbH and Nextcloud contributors
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+namespace OC\BackgroundJob;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Exception\UniqueConstraintViolationException;
+use InvalidArgumentException;
+use OCP\BackgroundJob\IJob;
+use OCP\IDBConnection;
+use OCP\Snowflake\ISnowflakeGenerator;
+
+/**
+ * Map background job classes and their ID in database
+ */
+final class JobClassesRegistry {
+	/**
+	 * @var array<string,string>
+	 */
+	private array $registry = [];
+
+	private const TABLE = 'job_classes_registry';
+
+	public function __construct(
+		private readonly IDBConnection $connection,
+		private readonly ISnowflakeGenerator $snowflakeGenerator,
+	) {
+	}
+
+	private function loadRegistry(): void {
+		if ($this->registry !== []) {
+			return;
+		}
+		$qb = $this->connection->getQueryBuilder();
+		$result = $qb->select('class_id', 'class_name')->from(self::TABLE)->executeQuery();
+		foreach ($result->iterateAssociative() as $row) {
+			$this->registry[$row['class_name']] = (string)$row['class_id'];
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Resolve current ID or generates a new one
+	 */
+	public function getId(string $className): string {
+		$this->loadRegistry();
+		if (isset($this->registry[$className])) {
+			return $this->registry[$className];
+		}
+
+		if (!class_exists($className)) {
+			throw new InvalidArgumentException('Class ' . $className . ' doesn’t exists');
+		}
+		if (!is_a($className, IJob::class, true)) {
+			throw new InvalidArgumentException('Class ' . $className . ' isn’t an instance of ' . IJob::class);
+		}
+
+		$qb = $this->connection->getQueryBuilder();
+		try {
+			$classId = $this->snowflakeGenerator->nextId();
+			$qb
+				->insert(self::TABLE)
+				->values([
+					'class_id' => $qb->createNamedParameter($classId),
+					'class_name' => $qb->createNamedParameter($className),
+				])
+				->executeStatement();
+			$this->registry[$className] = $classId;
+
+			return $classId;
+		} catch (UniqueConstraintViolationException $e) {
+			// Class was probably added by a concurrent process
+			// Try to load it
+			$result = $qb->select('class_id')->from(self::TABLE)->where($qb->expr()->eq('class_name', $className))->executeQuery();
+			if ($classId = $result->fetchOne()) {
+				$classId = (string)$classId;
+				$this->registry[$className] = $classId;
+
+				return $classId;
+			}
+		}
+
+		throw new \Exception('Fail to retrieve ' . $className . ' ID', previous: $e);
+	}
+
+	public function getName(string|int $classId): string {
+		$this->loadRegistry();
+		$classId = (string)$classId;
+		$className = array_search($classId, $this->registry, true);
+		if ($className === false) {
+			throw new InvalidArgumentException('Class ID ' . $classId . ' doesn’t match any class name');
+		}
+
+		return $className;
+	}
+}

lib/private/BackgroundJob/JobRuns.php

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+/**
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Nextcloud GmbH and Nextcloud contributors
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+namespace OC\BackgroundJob;
+
+use OCP\BackgroundJob\IJobRuns;
+use OCP\BackgroundJob\JobRun;
+use OCP\BackgroundJob\JobStatus;
+use OCP\IDBConnection;
+use OCP\Snowflake\ISnowflakeDecoder;
+use OCP\Snowflake\ISnowflakeGenerator;
+use Override;
+
+final readonly class JobRuns implements IJobRuns {
+	private const TABLE = 'job_runs';
+
+	public function __construct(
+		private IDBConnection $connection,
+		private ISnowflakeGenerator $snowflakeGenerator,
+		private ISnowflakeDecoder $snowflakeDecoder,
+		private JobClassesRegistry $classesRegistry,
+	) {
+	}
+
+	// TODO Move it to runner when refactoring
+	public function started(int|string $classId): string {
+		$id = $this->snowflakeGenerator->nextId();
+		$qb = $this->connection->getQueryBuilder();
+		$qb
+			->insert(self::TABLE)
+			->setValue('run_id', $id)
+			->setValue('class_id', $qb->createNamedParameter($classId))
+			->setValue('pid', $qb->createNamedParameter(posix_getpid()))
+			->setValue('status', $qb->createNamedParameter(JobStatus::RUNNING->value))
+			->executeStatement();
+
+		return $id;
+	}
+
+	// TODO Move it to runner when refactoring
+	public function finished(int|string $runId, int $duration, int $memoryPeakUsage, JobStatus $status = JobStatus::SUCCEEDED): bool {
+		$qb = $this->connection->getQueryBuilder();
+		$result = $qb
+			->update(self::TABLE)
+			->set('status', $qb->createNamedParameter($status->value))
+			->set('duration', $qb->createNamedParameter($duration))
+			->set('ram_peak_usage', $qb->createNamedParameter($memoryPeakUsage))
+			->where($qb->expr()->eq('run_id', $qb->createNamedParameter($runId)))
+			->executeStatement();
+
+		return $result === 1;
+	}
+
+	#[Override]
+	public function runningJobs(int $limit = 200): \Generator {
+		$qb = $this->connection->getQueryBuilder();
+		$result = $qb
+			->select('run_id', 'class_id', 'pid', 'status')
+			->from(self::TABLE)
+			->where($qb->expr()->eq('status', $qb->createNamedParameter(JobStatus::RUNNING->value)))
+			->setMaxResults($limit)
+			->executeQuery();
+
+		foreach ($result->iterateAssociative() as $row) {
+			$snowflakeInfo = $this->snowflakeDecoder->decode((string)$row['run_id']);
+			yield new JobRun(
+				$row['run_id'],
+				$this->classesRegistry->getName($row['class_id']),
+				$snowflakeInfo->getServerId(),
+				$row['pid'],
+				$snowflakeInfo->getCreatedAt(),
+				JobStatus::from($row['status']),
+			);
+		}
+	}
+}

lib/private/Server.php

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ use OC\Authentication\Token\IProvider;
 use OC\Authentication\TwoFactorAuth\Registry;
 use OC\Avatar\AvatarManager;
 use OC\BackgroundJob\JobList;
+use OC\BackgroundJob\JobRuns;
 use OC\Blurhash\Listener\GenerateBlurhashMetadata;
 use OC\Collaboration\Collaborators\GroupPlugin;
 use OC\Collaboration\Collaborators\MailByMailPlugin;
@@ -170,6 +171,7 @@ use OCP\Authentication\Token\IProvider as OCPIProvider;
 use OCP\Authentication\TwoFactorAuth\IRegistry;
 use OCP\AutoloadNotAllowedException;
 use OCP\BackgroundJob\IJobList;
+use OCP\BackgroundJob\IJobRuns;
 use OCP\Collaboration\Collaborators\ISearch;
 use OCP\Collaboration\Collaborators\ISearchResult;
 use OCP\Collaboration\Reference\IReferenceManager;
@@ -1319,6 +1321,7 @@ class Server extends ServerContainer implements IServerContainer {
 			return $c->get(FileSequence::class);
 		}, false);
 		$this->registerAlias(ISnowflakeDecoder::class, SnowflakeDecoder::class);
+		$this->registerAlias(IJobRuns::class, JobRuns::class);
 
 		$this->connectDispatcher();
 	}

lib/public/BackgroundJob/IJobRuns.php

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+/**
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Nextcloud GmbH and Nextcloud contributors
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+namespace OCP\BackgroundJob;
+
+/**
+ * List executed jobs
+ *
+ * Keep track of background jobs: start time, resource used, exit status…
+ *
+ * @since 34.0.0
+ */
+interface IJobRuns {
+	/**
+	 * List of currently running jobs
+	 *
+	 * @since 34.0.0
+	 */
+	public function runningJobs(int $limit = 200): \Generator;
+}

lib/public/BackgroundJob/JobRun.php

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+/**
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Nextcloud GmbH and Nextcloud contributors
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+namespace OCP\BackgroundJob;
+
+use DateTimeImmutable;
+
+/**
+ * Job run
+ *
+ * Information about the execution of a single job
+ *
+ * @since 34.0.0
+ */
+final readonly class JobRun {
+	/**
+	 * Constructor
+	 *
+	 * @since 34.0.0
+	 */
+	public function __construct(
+		/** Run ID (Snowflake ID) */
+		public int $runId,
+		/** Class name */
+		public string $className,
+		/** Server ID */
+		public int $serverId,
+		/** Process ID on server */
+		public int $pid,
+		/** Job start time */
+		public DateTimeImmutable $startedAt,
+		/** Job status (running, fail…) */
+		public JobStatus $status,
+		/** Job duration in milliseconds */
+		public ?int $duration = null,
+		/** Job memory usage peak in kilobytes (base 10) */
+		public ?int $memoryPeak = null,
+	) {
+	}
+}

lib/public/BackgroundJob/JobStatus.php

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+/**
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Nextcloud GmbH and Nextcloud contributors
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+namespace OCP\BackgroundJob;
+
+/**
+ * Background job statuses
+ *
+ * @since 34.0.0
+ */
+enum JobStatus: int {
+	/**
+	 * Background job is still running
+	 *
+	 * @since 34.0.0
+	 */
+	case RUNNING = 0;
+
+	/**
+	 * Background job completed sucessfully
+	 *
+	 * @since 34.0.0
+	 */
+	case SUCCEEDED = 1;
+
+	/**
+	 * Background job failed
+	 *
+	 * @since 34.0.0
+	 */
+	case FAILED = 2;
+
+	/**
+	 * Background job crashed the PHP process
+	 *
+	 * @since 34.0.0
+	 */
+	case CRASHED = 3;
+}

tests/lib/BackgroundJob/DummyJob.php

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Nextcloud GmbH and Nextcloud contributors
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+namespace Test\BackgroundJob;
+
+use OCP\BackgroundJob\IJob;
+use OCP\BackgroundJob\IJobList;
+
+/**
+ * Dummy Job fo tests only
+ */
+class DummyJob implements IJob {
+	public function start(IJobList $jobList): void {
+	}
+
+	public function setId(string $id): void {
+	}
+
+	public function setLastRun(int $lastRun): void {
+	}
+
+	public function setArgument(mixed $argument): void {
+	}
+
+	public function getId(): string {
+	}
+
+	public function getLastRun(): int {
+	}
+
+	public function getArgument(): mixed {
+	}
+}

tests/lib/BackgroundJob/JobClassesRegistryTest.php

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+/**
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Nextcloud GmbH and Nextcloud contributors
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+namespace Test\BackgroundJob;
+
+use InvalidArgumentException;
+use OC\BackgroundJob\JobClassesRegistry;
+use OCP\IDBConnection;
+use OCP\Server;
+use OCP\Snowflake\ISnowflakeGenerator;
+use Override;
+use Test\TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * @package Test\BackgroundJob
+ */
+#[\PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\Group('DB')]
+class JobClassesRegistryTest extends TestCase {
+	private readonly IDBConnection $connection;
+	private readonly ISnowflakeGenerator $snowflakeGenerator;
+	private JobClassesRegistry $registry;
+
+	#[Override]
+	protected function setUp(): void {
+		parent::setUp();
+
+		$this->connection = Server::get(IDBConnection::class);
+		$this->snowflakeGenerator = Server::get(ISnowflakeGenerator::class);
+		$this->registry = new JobClassesRegistry($this->connection, $this->snowflakeGenerator);
+	}
+
+	public function testResolveNonExistingClass() {
+		$className = 'invalid_class_name_122278';
+
+		$this->expectException(InvalidArgumentException::class);
+		$this->expectExceptionMessage('Class ' . $className . ' doesn’t exists');
+		$this->registry->getId($className);
+	}
+
+	public function testResolveInvalidClass() {
+		$className = self::class;
+
+		$this->expectException(InvalidArgumentException::class);
+		$this->expectExceptionMessage('Class ' . $className . ' isn’t an instance of OCP\BackgroundJob\IJob');
+		$this->registry->getId($className);
+	}
+
+	public function testResolveValidClass() {
+		$className = DummyJob::class;
+
+		$classId = $this->registry->getId($className);
+		$this->assertIsString($classId);
+		$this->assertGreaterThan(0, $classId);
+
+		// Renew register. ID should stay the same
+		$this->registry = new JobClassesRegistry($this->connection, $this->snowflakeGenerator);
+		$newId = $this->registry->getId($className);
+		$this->assertEquals($classId, $newId);
+	}
+
+	public function testResolveValidId() {
+		$className = DummyJob::class;
+
+		$classId = $this->registry->getId($className);
+		$resolvedClass = $this->registry->getName($classId);
+
+		$this->assertEquals($className, $resolvedClass);
+	}
+
+	public function testResolveInvalidId() {
+		$classId = PHP_INT_MAX;
+		$this->expectException(InvalidArgumentException::class);
+		$this->expectExceptionMessage('Class ID ' . $classId . ' doesn’t match any class name');
+		$this->registry->getName($classId);
+	}
+}

tests/lib/BackgroundJob/JobRunsTest.php

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+/**
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Nextcloud GmbH and Nextcloud contributors
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+ */
+
+namespace Test\BackgroundJob;
+
+use OC\BackgroundJob\JobClassesRegistry;
+use OC\BackgroundJob\JobRuns;
+use OCP\BackgroundJob\JobRun;
+use OCP\BackgroundJob\JobStatus;
+use OCP\IDBConnection;
+use OCP\Server;
+use OCP\Snowflake\ISnowflakeDecoder;
+use OCP\Snowflake\ISnowflakeGenerator;
+use Override;
+use Test\TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * @package Test\BackgroundJob
+ */
+#[\PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\Group('DB')]
+class JobRunsTest extends TestCase {
+	private IDBConnection $connection;
+	private JobClassesRegistry $registry;
+	private JobRuns $runs;
+
+	#[Override]
+	protected function setUp(): void {
+		parent::setUp();
+
+		$this->connection = Server::get(IDBConnection::class);
+		$this->registry = Server::get(JobClassesRegistry::class);
+		$this->runs = new JobRuns(
+			$this->connection,
+			Server::get(ISnowflakeGenerator::class),
+			Server::get(ISnowflakeDecoder::class),
+			$this->registry,
+		);
+	}
+
+	public function testJobStarted(): void {
+		$myPid = 1337;
+		$myClass = DummyJob::class;
+
+		$runId = $this->runs->started($this->registry->getId(DummyJob::class), $myPid);
+
+		$this->assertGreaterThan(0, $runId);
+	}
+
+	public function testJobSucceeded(): void {
+		$myPid = 1337;
+		$myClass = DummyJob::class;
+
+		$runId = $this->runs->started($this->registry->getId(DummyJob::class), $myPid);
+
+		$result = $this->runs->finished($runId, 12, 9876543);
+
+		$this->assertTrue($result);
+	}
+
+	public function testJobFailed(): void {
+		$myPid = 1337;
+		$myClass = DummyJob::class;
+
+		$runId = $this->runs->started($this->registry->getId(DummyJob::class), $myPid);
+
+		$result = $this->runs->finished($runId, 13, 87654321, JobStatus::FAILED);
+
+		$this->assertTrue($result);
+	}
+
+	public function testRunningJobs(): void {
+		$myPid = 1337;
+		$myClass = DummyJob::class;
+
+		$runId = $this->runs->started($this->registry->getId(DummyJob::class), $myPid);
+
+		$runningJobs = 0;
+		foreach ($this->runs->runningJobs() as $job) {
+			$this->assertInstanceOf(JobRun::class, $job);
+			++$runningJobs;
+		}
+		$this->assertGreaterThan(0, $runningJobs);
+	}
+}