Build snaps using the remote-build feature (#8153)

Snapcraft has a feature name `remote-build`. It allows to compile snaps using the Canonical dedicated build architecture for several architectures. Compared to the QEMU-enabled Docker approach used currently, the remote build has several advantages:
* the builds are done on the native architecture, making them basically faster than what can be achieved on QEMU
* it avoids to depend on `adferrand/snapcraft` (which could be otherwise be fixed with the merge of https://github.com/snapcore/snapcraft/pull/3144, but this will not happen in the short term)
* when everything is good, all snaps build can be run in parallel and then can be orchestrated by one single Azure Pipeline job, since the heavy tasks are done remotely.

This PR makes the necessary ajustements to use the remote build feature instead of the QEMU-enabled docker approach.

One complex task was to be able to compile the `certbot` snap on `arm64` and `armhf`. Indeed on these architectures the pre-compiled wheel for `cffi` is not available. So it needs to be compiled during the snap build. Sadly, the current version of the python plugin in snapcraft is limited by the fact that `wheels` is not installed in the virtual environment set up to build the python packages, and there is no easy way to change that except by overridding the whole build process.

In the long term, I think I will open a PR on `snapcraft` Git repository to provide a consistent solution. But for the short term, I used the possibility to provide arguments to the `venv` module, to add the flag `--system-site-packages`. With it, the virtual environment can use the system site package, where `wheel` is available.

The other significant additions are in `tools/snap/build_remote.py` script. If invoking the remote build on a local machine is quite straight-forward, it is another story on the CI because we need build auditability and resiliency during these non-interactive actions. In particular we should avoid as possible inconsistent results on the nightly pipeline and the release pipeline.

So this script wraps the `snapcraft` call into a retry logic, and improves its logs in the context of parallel builds.

For the minor modifications, it is mainly about ensuring that plugins can be built (some of them also need `cffi` for instance), and simplify the Azure Pipeline since all snaps are retrieved in one go.

Please note that the `test-` branches still run only the `amd64` architecture. Indeed I noticed that builds on `arm64` and `armhf` are tending to be very slow to start (up to 40 min) while the `amd64` ones wait at max 10 mins, and usually 30 seconds only when the overall load on Canonical side is low.

To work on `certbot/certbot` repository, one secured file needs to be added, because `snapcraft` needs to be authenticated against Launchpad with credentials allowing remote builds. To do so, from a local machine that have this capability, one can extract the existing file at `$HOME/.local/share/snapcraft/provider/launchpad/credentials`, and register it as a secured file in Azure Pipeline with the name `snapcraftRemoteBuildCredentials`.

* Define scripts

* Setup pipeline to use remote builds

* Focus on packaging builds

* Set credentials

* Setup git

* Launch all builds in parallel

* Add dev dependencies to build cffi and cryptography

* Convert to a python logic

* Reorganize the pipeline

* Handle the fact that snap builds may be taken from cache

* Generate constraints

* Exit code

* Check existence

* Try to handle better non zero exit code

* Add --system-site-packages to get wheel in the venv

* Add executable permissions

* Troubleshoot

* Dynamic display, take the maximum timeout for snap build job

* Allow retries if the remote build does not start

* Trigger only amd64 builds for test branches

* Exit properly

* Update snapcraft.yaml

* Fix snap run

* Set secured file name

* Update .azure-pipelines/templates/jobs/packaging-jobs.yml

Co-authored-by: Brad Warren <bmw@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update .azure-pipelines/templates/jobs/packaging-jobs.yml

Co-authored-by: Brad Warren <bmw@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update .azure-pipelines/templates/jobs/packaging-jobs.yml

Co-authored-by: Brad Warren <bmw@users.noreply.github.com>

* Move order in deps

* Reactivate all builds

* Use Manager() as a context manager

* Use Pool as a context manager

* Some nice refactorings

* Check snapcraft execution interruption with exit codes

* Use f-string and format expressions

* Start log

* Consistent use of single/double quotes

* Better loop to extract lines

* Retry on build failures

* Few optimizations

Co-authored-by: Brad Warren <bmw@users.noreply.github.com>

.azure-pipelines/templates/jobs/packaging-jobs.yml

@@ -58,54 +58,48 @@ jobs:
           set PATH=%ProgramFiles(x86)%\Certbot\bin;%PATH%
           venv\Scripts\python -m pytest certbot-ci\certbot_integration_tests\certbot_tests -n 4
         displayName: Run certbot integration tests
-  - job: snap_build
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        amd64:
-          ARCH: amd64
-        # Do not run the QEMU jobs for test branches
-        ${{ if not(startsWith(variables['Build.SourceBranchName'], 'test-')) }}:
-          arm64:
-            ARCH: arm64
-          armhf:
-            ARCH: armhf
+  - job: snaps_build
     pool:
       vmImage: ubuntu-18.04
+    timeoutInMinutes: 0
+    variables:
+      # Do not run the heavy non-amd64 builds for test branches
+      ${{ if not(startsWith(variables['Build.SourceBranchName'], 'test-')) }}:
+        ARCHS: amd64 arm64 armhf
+      ${{ if startsWith(variables['Build.SourceBranchName'], 'test-') }}:
+        ARCHS: amd64
     steps:
       - script: |
-          tools/snap/build.sh ${ARCH}
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends snapd
+          sudo snap install --classic snapcraft
+        displayName: Install dependencies
+      - task: UsePythonVersion@0
+        inputs:
+          versionSpec: 3.8
+          addToPath: true
+      - task: DownloadSecureFile@1
+        name: credentials
+        inputs:
+          secureFile: launchpad-credentials
+      - script: |
+          git config --global user.email "$(Build.RequestedForEmail)"
+          git config --global user.name "$(Build.RequestedFor)"
+          mkdir -p ~/.local/share/snapcraft/provider/launchpad
+          cp $(credentials.secureFilePath) ~/.local/share/snapcraft/provider/launchpad/credentials
+          python3 tools/snap/build_remote.py ALL --archs ${ARCHS}
+        displayName: Build snaps
+      - script: |
           mv *.snap $(Build.ArtifactStagingDirectory)
-        displayName: Build Certbot snap
-      - task: PublishPipelineArtifact@1
-        inputs:
-          path: $(Build.ArtifactStagingDirectory)
-          artifact: snap-$(arch)
-        displayName: Store snap artifact
-  - job: snap_dns_build
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        amd64:
-          ARCH: amd64
-        # Do not run the QEMU jobs for test branches
-        ${{ if not(startsWith(variables['Build.SourceBranchName'], 'test-')) }}:
-          arm64:
-            ARCH: arm64
-          armhf:
-            ARCH: armhf
-    pool:
-      vmImage: ubuntu-18.04
-    steps:
-      - script: |
-          tools/snap/build_dns.sh ${ARCH} ALL
           mv certbot-dns-*/*.snap $(Build.ArtifactStagingDirectory)
-        displayName: Build Certbot DNS snaps
+        displayName: Prepare artifacts
       - task: PublishPipelineArtifact@1
         inputs:
           path: $(Build.ArtifactStagingDirectory)
-          artifact: dns-snap-$(arch)
+          artifact: snaps
         displayName: Store snaps artifacts
   - job: snap_run
-    dependsOn: snap_build
+    dependsOn: snaps_build
     pool:
       vmImage: ubuntu-18.04
     steps:
@@ -116,19 +110,17 @@ jobs:
         displayName: Install dependencies
       - task: DownloadPipelineArtifact@2
         inputs:
-          artifact: snap-amd64
+          artifact: snaps
           path: $(Build.SourcesDirectory)/snap
-        displayName: Retrieve Certbot snap
+        displayName: Retrieve Certbot snaps
       - script: |
-          sudo snap install --dangerous --classic snap/*.snap
+          sudo snap install --dangerous --classic snap/certbot_*_amd64.snap
         displayName: Install Certbot snap
       - script: |
           python -m tox -e integration-external,apacheconftest-external-with-pebble
         displayName: Run tox
   - job: snap_dns_run
-    dependsOn:
-      - snap_build
-      - snap_dns_build
+    dependsOn: snaps_build
     pool:
       vmImage: ubuntu-18.04
     steps:
@@ -142,18 +134,13 @@ jobs:
           addToPath: true
       - task: DownloadPipelineArtifact@2
         inputs:
-          artifact: snap-amd64
+          artifact: snaps
           path: $(Build.SourcesDirectory)/snap
-        displayName: Retrieve Certbot snap
-      - task: DownloadPipelineArtifact@2
-        inputs:
-          artifact: dns-snap-amd64
-          path: $(Build.SourcesDirectory)/snap
-        displayName: Retrieve Certbot DNS plugins snaps
+        displayName: Retrieve Certbot snaps
       - script: |
           python3 -m venv venv
           venv/bin/python tools/pip_install.py -e certbot-ci
         displayName: Prepare Certbot-CI
       - script: |
-          sudo -E venv/bin/pytest certbot-ci/snap_integration_tests/dns_tests --allow-persistent-changes --snap-folder $(Build.SourcesDirectory)/snap
+          sudo -E venv/bin/pytest certbot-ci/snap_integration_tests/dns_tests --allow-persistent-changes --snap-folder $(Build.SourcesDirectory)/snap --snap-arch amd64
         displayName: Test DNS plugins snaps

.azure-pipelines/templates/stages/deploy-stage.yml

@@ -9,14 +9,6 @@ stages:
       # prevent automated deploys from breaking. Remembering to do this is
       # also tracked by https://github.com/certbot/certbot/issues/7931.
       - job: publish_snap
-        strategy:
-          matrix:
-            amd64:
-              ARCH: amd64
-            arm64:
-              ARCH: arm64
-            armhf:
-              ARCH: armhf
         pool:
           vmImage: ubuntu-18.04
         variables:
@@ -29,14 +21,9 @@ stages:
             displayName: Install dependencies
           - task: DownloadPipelineArtifact@2
             inputs:
-              artifact: snap-$(arch)
+              artifact: snaps
               path: $(Build.SourcesDirectory)/snap
-            displayName: Retrieve Certbot snap
-          - task: DownloadPipelineArtifact@2
-            inputs:
-              artifact: dns-snap-$(arch)
-              path: $(Build.SourcesDirectory)/snap
-            displayName: Retrieve DNS plugins snaps
+            displayName: Retrieve Certbot snaps
           - task: DownloadSecureFile@1
             name: snapcraftCfg
             inputs:

certbot-ci/snap_integration_tests/conftest.py

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ def pytest_addoption(parser):
     """
     parser.addoption('--snap-folder', required=True,
                      help='set the folder path where snaps to test are located')
+    parser.addoption('--snap-arch', default='amd64',
+                    help='set the architecture do test (default: amd64)')
     parser.addoption('--allow-persistent-changes', action='store_true',
                      help='needs to be set, and confirm that the test will make persistent changes on this machine')
 
@@ -36,5 +38,8 @@ def pytest_generate_tests(metafunc):
     Generate (multiple) parametrized calls to a test function.
     """
     if "dns_snap_path" in metafunc.fixturenames:
-        snap_dns_path_list = glob.glob(os.path.join(metafunc.config.getoption('snap_folder'), 'certbot-dns-*_*.snap'))
+        snap_arch = metafunc.config.getoption('snap_arch')
+        snap_folder = metafunc.config.getoption('snap_folder')
+        snap_dns_path_list = glob.glob(os.path.join(snap_folder, 
+                                                    'certbot-dns-*_{0}.snap'.format(snap_arch)))
         metafunc.parametrize("dns_snap_path", snap_dns_path_list)

certbot-ci/snap_integration_tests/dns_tests/test_main.py

@@ -11,8 +11,9 @@ def install_certbot_snap(request):
     with pytest.raises(Exception):
         subprocess.check_call(['certbot', '--version'])
     try:
-        snap_path = glob.glob(os.path.join(request.config.getoption("snap_folder"),
-                                           'certbot_*.snap'))[0]
+        snap_folder = request.config.getoption("snap_folder")
+        snap_arch = request.config.getoption("snap_arch")
+        snap_path = glob.glob(os.path.join(snap_folder, 'certbot_*_{0}.snap'.format(snap_arch)))[0]
         subprocess.check_call(['snap', 'install', '--classic', '--dangerous', snap_path])
         subprocess.check_call(['certbot', '--version'])
         yield

certbot-dns-cloudflare/snap/snapcraft.yaml

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ parts:
         snapcraftctl set-version `grep ^version $SNAPCRAFT_PART_SRC/setup.py | cut -f2 -d= | tr -d "'[:space:]"`
     build-environment:
       - EXCLUDE_CERTBOT_DEPS: "True"
+    # To build cryptography and cffi if needed
+    build-packages: [gcc, libffi-dev, libssl-dev, python3-dev]
 
 slots:
   certbot:

certbot-dns-cloudxns/snap/snapcraft.yaml

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ parts:
         snapcraftctl set-version `grep ^version $SNAPCRAFT_PART_SRC/setup.py | cut -f2 -d= | tr -d "'[:space:]"`
     build-environment:
       - EXCLUDE_CERTBOT_DEPS: "True"
+    # To build cryptography and cffi if needed
+    build-packages: [gcc, libffi-dev, libssl-dev, python3-dev]
 
 slots:
   certbot:

certbot-dns-digitalocean/snap/snapcraft.yaml

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ parts:
         snapcraftctl set-version `grep ^version $SNAPCRAFT_PART_SRC/setup.py | cut -f2 -d= | tr -d "'[:space:]"`
     build-environment:
       - EXCLUDE_CERTBOT_DEPS: "True"
+    # To build cryptography and cffi if needed
+    build-packages: [gcc, libffi-dev, libssl-dev, python3-dev]
 
 slots:
   certbot:

certbot-dns-dnsimple/snap/snapcraft.yaml

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ parts:
         snapcraftctl set-version `grep ^version $SNAPCRAFT_PART_SRC/setup.py | cut -f2 -d= | tr -d "'[:space:]"`
     build-environment:
       - EXCLUDE_CERTBOT_DEPS: "True"
+    # To build cryptography and cffi if needed
+    build-packages: [gcc, libffi-dev, libssl-dev, python3-dev]
 
 slots:
   certbot:

certbot-dns-dnsmadeeasy/snap/snapcraft.yaml

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ parts:
         snapcraftctl set-version `grep ^version $SNAPCRAFT_PART_SRC/setup.py | cut -f2 -d= | tr -d "'[:space:]"`
     build-environment:
       - EXCLUDE_CERTBOT_DEPS: "True"
+    # To build cryptography and cffi if needed
+    build-packages: [gcc, libffi-dev, libssl-dev, python3-dev]
 
 slots:
   certbot:

certbot-dns-gehirn/snap/snapcraft.yaml

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ parts:
         snapcraftctl set-version `grep ^version $SNAPCRAFT_PART_SRC/setup.py | cut -f2 -d= | tr -d "'[:space:]"`
     build-environment:
       - EXCLUDE_CERTBOT_DEPS: "True"
+    # To build cryptography and cffi if needed
+    build-packages: [gcc, libffi-dev, libssl-dev, python3-dev]
 
 slots:
   certbot:

certbot-dns-google/snap/snapcraft.yaml

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ parts:
         snapcraftctl set-version `grep ^version $SNAPCRAFT_PART_SRC/setup.py | cut -f2 -d= | tr -d "'[:space:]"`
     build-environment:
       - EXCLUDE_CERTBOT_DEPS: "True"
+    # To build cryptography and cffi if needed
+    build-packages: [gcc, libffi-dev, libssl-dev, python3-dev]
 
 slots:
   certbot:

certbot-dns-linode/snap/snapcraft.yaml

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ parts:
         snapcraftctl set-version `grep ^version $SNAPCRAFT_PART_SRC/setup.py | cut -f2 -d= | tr -d "'[:space:]"`
     build-environment:
       - EXCLUDE_CERTBOT_DEPS: "True"
+    # To build cryptography and cffi if needed
+    build-packages: [gcc, libffi-dev, libssl-dev, python3-dev]
 
 slots:
   certbot:

certbot-dns-luadns/snap/snapcraft.yaml

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ parts:
         snapcraftctl set-version `grep ^version $SNAPCRAFT_PART_SRC/setup.py | cut -f2 -d= | tr -d "'[:space:]"`
     build-environment:
       - EXCLUDE_CERTBOT_DEPS: "True"
+    # To build cryptography and cffi if needed
+    build-packages: [gcc, libffi-dev, libssl-dev, python3-dev]
 
 slots:
   certbot:

certbot-dns-nsone/snap/snapcraft.yaml

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ parts:
         snapcraftctl set-version `grep ^version $SNAPCRAFT_PART_SRC/setup.py | cut -f2 -d= | tr -d "'[:space:]"`
     build-environment:
       - EXCLUDE_CERTBOT_DEPS: "True"
+    # To build cryptography and cffi if needed
+    build-packages: [gcc, libffi-dev, libssl-dev, python3-dev]
 
 slots:
   certbot:

certbot-dns-ovh/snap/snapcraft.yaml

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ parts:
         snapcraftctl set-version `grep ^version $SNAPCRAFT_PART_SRC/setup.py | cut -f2 -d= | tr -d "'[:space:]"`
     build-environment:
       - EXCLUDE_CERTBOT_DEPS: "True"
+    # To build cryptography and cffi if needed
+    build-packages: [gcc, libffi-dev, libssl-dev, python3-dev]
 
 slots:
   certbot:

certbot-dns-rfc2136/snap/snapcraft.yaml

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ parts:
         snapcraftctl set-version `grep ^version $SNAPCRAFT_PART_SRC/setup.py | cut -f2 -d= | tr -d "'[:space:]"`
     build-environment:
       - EXCLUDE_CERTBOT_DEPS: "True"
+    # To build cryptography and cffi if needed
+    build-packages: [gcc, libffi-dev, libssl-dev, python3-dev]
 
 slots:
   certbot:

certbot-dns-route53/snap/snapcraft.yaml

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ parts:
         snapcraftctl set-version `grep ^version $SNAPCRAFT_PART_SRC/setup.py | cut -f2 -d= | tr -d "'[:space:]"`
     build-environment:
       - EXCLUDE_CERTBOT_DEPS: "True"
+    # To build cryptography and cffi if needed
+    build-packages: [gcc, libffi-dev, libssl-dev, python3-dev]
 
 slots:
   certbot:

certbot-dns-sakuracloud/snap/snapcraft.yaml

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ parts:
         snapcraftctl set-version `grep ^version $SNAPCRAFT_PART_SRC/setup.py | cut -f2 -d= | tr -d "'[:space:]"`
     build-environment:
       - EXCLUDE_CERTBOT_DEPS: "True"
+    # To build cryptography and cffi if needed
+    build-packages: [gcc, libffi-dev, libssl-dev, python3-dev]
 
 slots:
   certbot:

snap/snapcraft.yaml

@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ parts:
       # effect so we now stage the file to keep the auto-generated cffi file.
     stage-packages:
       - libaugeas0
+      - libpython3.8-dev
       # added to stage python:
       - libpython3-stdlib
       - libpython3.8-stdlib
@@ -73,7 +74,9 @@ parts:
       - python3-pkg-resources
       - python3.8-minimal
     # To build cryptography and cffi if needed
-    build-packages: [libffi-dev, libssl-dev, git, libaugeas-dev, python3-dev]
+    build-packages: [gcc, libffi-dev, libssl-dev, git, libaugeas-dev, python3-dev]
+    build-environment:
+      - SNAPCRAFT_PYTHON_VENV_ARGS: --system-site-packages
     override-pull: |
         snapcraftctl pull
         cd $SNAPCRAFT_PART_SRC

tools/snap/build_remote.py

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+import argparse
+import glob
+import datetime
+from multiprocessing import Pool, Process, Manager, Event
+import re
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from os.path import join, realpath, dirname, basename
+
+
+CERTBOT_DIR = dirname(dirname(dirname(realpath(__file__))))
+PLUGINS = [basename(path) for path in glob.glob(join(CERTBOT_DIR, 'certbot-dns-*'))]
+
+
+def _execute_build(target, archs, status, workspace):
+    process = subprocess.Popen([
+        'snapcraft', 'remote-build', '--launchpad-accept-public-upload', '--recover', '--build-on', ','.join(archs)
+    ], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, universal_newlines=True, cwd=workspace)
+
+    for line in process.stdout:
+        _extract_state(target, line, status)
+
+    return process.wait()
+
+
+def _build_snap(target, archs, status):
+    status[target] = {arch: '...' for arch in archs}
+
+    if target == 'certbot':
+        workspace = CERTBOT_DIR
+    else:
+        workspace = join(CERTBOT_DIR, target)
+        subprocess.check_output(
+            ('"{0}" tools/strip_hashes.py letsencrypt-auto-source/pieces/dependency-requirements.txt '
+             '| grep -v python-augeas > "{1}/snap-constraints.txt"').format(sys.executable, workspace),
+            shell=True, cwd=CERTBOT_DIR)
+
+    retry = 3
+    while retry:
+        exit_code = _execute_build(target, archs, status, workspace)
+
+        print(f'Build {target} for {",".join(archs)} (attempt {4-retry}/3) ended with exit code {exit_code}.')
+        sys.stdout.flush()
+
+        # Retry if the snapcraft remote-build command has been interrupted.
+        if exit_code == 0 and 'Failed to build' not in status[target].values():
+            break
+
+        retry = retry - 1
+
+    return {target: workspace}
+
+
+def _extract_state(project, output, status):
+    match = re.match(r'^.*arch=(\w+)\s+state=([\w ]+).*$', output)
+    if match:
+        arch = match.group(1)
+        state = status[project]
+        state[arch] = match.group(2)
+
+        # You need to reassign the value of status[project] here (rather than doing
+        # something like status[project][arch] = match.group(2)) for the state change
+        # to propagate to other processes. See
+        # https://docs.python.org/3.8/library/multiprocessing.html#proxy-objects for
+        # more info.
+        status[project] = state
+
+
+def _dump_status_helper(archs, status):
+    headers = ['project', *archs]
+    print(''.join(f'| {item:<25}' for item in headers))
+    print(f'|{"-" * 26}' * len(headers))
+    for project, states in sorted(status.items()):
+        print(''.join(f'| {item:<25}' for item in [project, *[states[arch] for arch in archs]]))
+    print(f'|{"-" * 26}' * len(headers))
+    print()
+
+    sys.stdout.flush()
+
+
+def _dump_status(archs, status, stop_event):
+    while not stop_event.wait(10):
+        print('Remote build status at {0}'.format(datetime.datetime.now()))
+        _dump_status_helper(archs, status)
+
+
+def _dump_status_final(archs, status):
+    print('Results for remote build finished at {0}'.format(datetime.datetime.now()))
+    _dump_status_helper(archs, status)
+
+
+def _dump_results(targets, archs, status, workspaces):
+    failures = False
+    for target in targets:
+        for arch in archs:
+            result = status[target][arch]
+
+            if result != 'Successfully built':
+                failures = True
+
+                with open(join(workspaces[target], '{0}_{1}.txt'.format(target, arch))) as file_h:
+                    build_output = file_h.read()
+
+                print('Output for failed build target={0} arch={1}'.format(target, arch))
+                print('-------------------------------------------')
+                print(build_output)
+                print('-------------------------------------------')
+                print()
+
+    if not failures:
+        print('All builds succeeded.')
+    else:
+        print('Some builds failed.')
+
+    return failures
+
+
+def main():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument('targets', nargs='+', choices=['ALL', 'DNS_PLUGINS', 'certbot', *PLUGINS],
+                        help='the list of snaps to build')
+    parser.add_argument('--archs', nargs='+', choices=['amd64', 'arm64', 'armhf'], default='amd64',
+                        help='the architectures for which snaps are built')
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    archs = set(args.archs)
+    targets = set(args.targets)
+
+    if 'ALL' in targets:
+        targets.remove('ALL')
+        targets.update(['certbot', 'DNS_PLUGINS'])
+
+    if 'DNS_PLUGINS' in targets:
+        targets.remove('DNS_PLUGINS')
+        targets.update(PLUGINS)
+
+    print('Start remote snap builds...')
+    print(f' - archs: {", ".join(archs)}')
+    print(f' - projects: {", ".join(sorted(targets))}')
+    print()
+
+    with Manager() as manager, Pool(processes=len(targets)) as pool:
+        status = manager.dict()
+
+        stop_event = Event()
+        state_process = Process(target=_dump_status, args=(archs, status, stop_event))
+        state_process.start()
+
+        async_results = [pool.apply_async(_build_snap, (target, archs, status)) for target in targets]
+
+        workspaces = {}
+        for async_result in async_results:
+            workspaces.update(async_result.get())
+
+        stop_event.set()
+        state_process.join()
+
+        failures = _dump_results(targets, archs, status, workspaces)
+        _dump_status_final(archs, status)
+
+        return 1 if failures else 0
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.exit(main())

tools/snap/generate_dnsplugins_snapcraft.sh

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 set -e
 
 DIR="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" >/dev/null 2>&1 && pwd )"
-CERTBOT_DIR="$(dirname "${DIR}")"
+CERTBOT_DIR="$(dirname "$(dirname "${DIR}")")"
 
 for PLUGIN_PATH in "${CERTBOT_DIR}"/certbot-dns-*; do
   PLUGIN=$(basename "${PLUGIN_PATH}")
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ parts:
         snapcraftctl set-version \`grep ^version \$SNAPCRAFT_PART_SRC/setup.py | cut -f2 -d= | tr -d "'[:space:]"\`
     build-environment:
       - EXCLUDE_CERTBOT_DEPS: "True"
+    # To build cryptography and cffi if needed
+    build-packages: [gcc, libffi-dev, libssl-dev, python3-dev]
 
 slots:
   certbot: