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116 lines
4.4 KiB
Text
116 lines
4.4 KiB
Text
About borg create --chunker-params
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==================================
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--chunker-params CHUNK_MIN_EXP,CHUNK_MAX_EXP,HASH_MASK_BITS,HASH_WINDOW_SIZE
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CHUNK_MIN_EXP and CHUNK_MAX_EXP provide the exponent N for the 2^N minimum and
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maximum chunk sizes. Required: CHUNK_MIN_EXP < CHUNK_MAX_EXP.
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Defaults: 19 (2^19 == 512KiB) minimum, 23 (2^23 == 8MiB) maximum.
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Currently, specifying a maximum greater than 23 is not supported.
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HASH_MASK_BITS is the number of least-significant bits of the rolling hash
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that need to be zero to trigger a chunk cut.
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Recommended: CHUNK_MIN_EXP + X <= HASH_MASK_BITS <= CHUNK_MAX_EXP - X, X >= 2
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(this allows the rolling hash some freedom to make its cut at a place
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determined by the window's contents rather than the minimum/maximum chunk size).
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Default: 21 (statistically, chunks will be about 2^21 == 2MiB in size).
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HASH_WINDOW_SIZE: the size of the window used for the rolling hash computation.
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Must be an odd number. Default: 4095B.
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Trying it out
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=============
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I backed up a VM directory to demonstrate how different chunker parameters
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affect repository size, index size/chunk count, compression, and deduplication.
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repo-sm: ~64 KiB chunks (16 bits chunk mask), min chunk size 1 KiB (2^10B)
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(these are Attic/Borg 0.23 internal defaults)
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repo-lg: ~1MiB chunks (20 bits chunk mask), min chunk size 64 KiB (2^16B)
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repo-xl: 8MiB chunks (2^23B max chunk size), min chunk size 64 KiB (2^16B).
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The chunk mask bits were set to 31, so it (almost) never triggers.
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This degrades the rolling hash based dedup to a fixed-offset dedup
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as the cutting point is now (almost) always the end of the buffer
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(at 2^23B == 8MiB).
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The repo index size is an indicator for the RAM needs of Borg.
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In this special case, the total RAM needs are about 2.1x the repo index size.
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You see the index size of repo-sm is 16x larger than that of repo-lg, which corresponds
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to the ratio of the different target chunk sizes.
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Note: RAM needs were not a problem in this specific case (37GB data size).
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But imagine you have 37TB of such data and much less than 42GB RAM,
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then you should use the "lg" chunker parameters so you need only
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2.6GB RAM. Or even larger chunks than shown for "lg" (see "xl").
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You also see compression works better for larger chunks, as expected.
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Deduplication works worse for larger chunks, also as expected.
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small chunks
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============
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$ borg info /extra/repo-sm::1
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Command line: /home/tw/w/borg-env/bin/borg create --chunker-params 10,23,16,4095 /extra/repo-sm::1 /home/tw/win
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Number of files: 3
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Original size Compressed size Deduplicated size
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This archive: 37.12 GB 14.81 GB 12.18 GB
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All archives: 37.12 GB 14.81 GB 12.18 GB
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Unique chunks Total chunks
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Chunk index: 378374 487316
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$ ls -l /extra/repo-sm/index*
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-rw-rw-r-- 1 tw tw 20971538 Jun 20 23:39 index.2308
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$ du -sk /extra/repo-sm
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11930840 /extra/repo-sm
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large chunks
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============
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$ borg info /extra/repo-lg::1
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Command line: /home/tw/w/borg-env/bin/borg create --chunker-params 16,23,20,4095 /extra/repo-lg::1 /home/tw/win
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Number of files: 3
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Original size Compressed size Deduplicated size
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This archive: 37.10 GB 14.60 GB 13.38 GB
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All archives: 37.10 GB 14.60 GB 13.38 GB
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Unique chunks Total chunks
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Chunk index: 25889 29349
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$ ls -l /extra/repo-lg/index*
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-rw-rw-r-- 1 tw tw 1310738 Jun 20 23:10 index.2264
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$ du -sk /extra/repo-lg
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13073928 /extra/repo-lg
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xl chunks
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=========
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(borg-env)tw@tux:~/w/borg$ borg info /extra/repo-xl::1
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Command line: /home/tw/w/borg-env/bin/borg create --chunker-params 16,23,31,4095 /extra/repo-xl::1 /home/tw/win
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Number of files: 3
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Original size Compressed size Deduplicated size
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This archive: 37.10 GB 14.59 GB 14.59 GB
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All archives: 37.10 GB 14.59 GB 14.59 GB
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Unique chunks Total chunks
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Chunk index: 4319 4434
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$ ls -l /extra/repo-xl/index*
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-rw-rw-r-- 1 tw tw 327698 Jun 21 00:52 index.2011
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$ du -sk /extra/repo-xl/
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14253464 /extra/repo-xl/
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