diff --git a/CHANGES b/CHANGES
index e7aa4be105..9efded88ab 100644
--- a/CHANGES
+++ b/CHANGES
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+6013.	[bug]		Fix a crash that could happen when you change
+			a dnssec-policy zone with NSEC3 to start using
+			inline-signing. [GL #3591]
+
 6012.	[func]		Cleanup the dead nodes while pruning the tree.
 			[GL #3641]
 
diff --git a/bin/named/server.c b/bin/named/server.c
index b95d1ee108..b38e00d027 100644
--- a/bin/named/server.c
+++ b/bin/named/server.c
@@ -6501,6 +6501,7 @@ configure_zone(const cfg_obj_t *config, const cfg_obj_t *zconfig,
 	bool zone_is_catz = false;
 	bool zone_maybe_inline = false;
 	bool inline_signing = false;
+	bool fullsign = false;
 
 	options = NULL;
 	(void)cfg_map_get(config, "options", &options);
@@ -6769,6 +6770,7 @@ configure_zone(const cfg_obj_t *config, const cfg_obj_t *zconfig,
 
 	if (zone != NULL && !named_zone_reusable(zone, zconfig)) {
 		dns_zone_detach(&zone);
+		fullsign = true;
 	}
 
 	if (zone != NULL && (rpz_num != dns_zone_get_rpz_num(zone) ||
@@ -6903,7 +6905,7 @@ configure_zone(const cfg_obj_t *config, const cfg_obj_t *zconfig,
 	 * Ensure that zone keys are reloaded on reconfig
 	 */
 	if ((dns_zone_getkeyopts(zone) & DNS_ZONEKEY_MAINTAIN) != 0) {
-		dns_zone_rekey(zone, false);
+		dns_zone_rekey(zone, fullsign);
 	}
 
 cleanup:
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/checkds/ns9/setup.sh b/bin/tests/system/checkds/ns9/setup.sh
index e5a1253497..0990fa3c6b 100644
--- a/bin/tests/system/checkds/ns9/setup.sh
+++ b/bin/tests/system/checkds/ns9/setup.sh
@@ -43,7 +43,8 @@ do
 	$SETTIME -s -g $O -k $O $T -r $O $T -z $O $T -d $R $T "$CSK" > settime.out.$zone 2>&1
 	cat template.db.in "${CSK}.key" > "$infile"
 	private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK" >> "$infile"
-	$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+	cp $infile $zonefile
+	$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 done
 
 # DS Withdrawal.
@@ -57,5 +58,6 @@ do
 	$SETTIME -s -g $H -k $O $T -r $O $T -z $O $T -d $U $T "$CSK" > settime.out.$zone 2>&1
 	cat template.db.in "${CSK}.key" > "$infile"
 	private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK" >> "$infile"
-	$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+	cp $infile $zonefile
+	$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 done
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/kasp.sh b/bin/tests/system/kasp.sh
index 03ff93c4c4..702a239296 100644
--- a/bin/tests/system/kasp.sh
+++ b/bin/tests/system/kasp.sh
@@ -695,7 +695,7 @@ dnssec_verify()
 	echo_i "dnssec-verify zone ${ZONE} ($n)"
 	ret=0
 	_dig_with_opts "$ZONE" "@${SERVER}" AXFR > dig.out.axfr.test$n || _log_error "dig ${ZONE} AXFR failed"
-	$VERIFY -z -o "$ZONE" dig.out.axfr.test$n > /dev/null || _log_error "dnssec verify zone $ZONE failed"
+	$VERIFY -z -o "$ZONE" dig.out.axfr.test$n > verify.out.$ZONE.test$n || _log_error "dnssec verify zone $ZONE failed"
 	test "$ret" -eq 0 || echo_i "failed"
 	status=$((status+ret))
 }
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/kasp/clean.sh b/bin/tests/system/kasp/clean.sh
index 1ed1c80f0d..db264c2810 100644
--- a/bin/tests/system/kasp/clean.sh
+++ b/bin/tests/system/kasp/clean.sh
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ set -e
 rm -f ./keygen.*
 rm -f ./K*.private ./K*.key ./K*.state ./K*.cmp
 rm -rf ./keys/
-rm -f dig.out* rrsig.out.* keyevent.out.*
+rm -f dig.out* rrsig.out.* keyevent.out.* verify.out.* zone.out.*
 rm -f ns*/named.conf ns*/named.memstats ns*/named.run*
 rm -f ns*/named-fips.conf
 rm -f ns*/policies/*.conf
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/kasp/ns3/setup.sh b/bin/tests/system/kasp/ns3/setup.sh
index 84fbb9c170..c0111203c7 100644
--- a/bin/tests/system/kasp/ns3/setup.sh
+++ b/bin/tests/system/kasp/ns3/setup.sh
@@ -161,7 +161,8 @@ $SETTIME -s -g $O -k $O $T -z $O $T          "$ZSK" > settime.out.$zone.2 2>&1
 cat template.db.in "${KSK}.key" "${ZSK}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$KSK" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$ZSK" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -PS -x -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -PS -x -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # These signatures are set to expire long in the past, update immediately.
 setup expired-sigs.autosign
@@ -175,7 +176,8 @@ $SETTIME -s -g $O -k $O $T -z $O $T          "$ZSK" > settime.out.$zone.2 2>&1
 cat template.db.in "${KSK}.key" "${ZSK}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$KSK" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$ZSK" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -PS -x -s now-2mo -e now-1mo -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -PS -x -s now-2mo -e now-1mo -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # These signatures are still good, and can be reused.
 setup fresh-sigs.autosign
@@ -189,7 +191,8 @@ $SETTIME -s -g $O -k $O $T -z $O $T          "$ZSK" > settime.out.$zone.2 2>&1
 cat template.db.in "${KSK}.key" "${ZSK}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$KSK" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$ZSK" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # These signatures are still good, but not fresh enough, update immediately.
 setup unfresh-sigs.autosign
@@ -203,7 +206,8 @@ $SETTIME -s -g $O -k $O $T -z $O $T          "$ZSK" > settime.out.$zone.2 2>&1
 cat template.db.in "${KSK}.key" "${ZSK}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$KSK" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$ZSK" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1w -e now+1w -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1w -e now+1w -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # These signatures are still good, but the private KSK is missing.
 setup ksk-missing.autosign
@@ -217,7 +221,8 @@ $SETTIME -s -g $O -k $O $T -z $O $T          "$ZSK" > settime.out.$zone.2 2>&1
 cat template.db.in "${KSK}.key" "${ZSK}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$KSK" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$ZSK" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1w -e now+1w -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1w -e now+1w -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 echo "KSK: yes" >> "${KSK}".state
 echo "ZSK: no" >> "${KSK}".state
 echo "Lifetime: 63072000" >> "${KSK}".state # PT2Y
@@ -235,7 +240,8 @@ $SETTIME -s -g $O -k $O $T -z $O $T          "$ZSK" > settime.out.$zone.2 2>&1
 cat template.db.in "${KSK}.key" "${ZSK}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$KSK" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$ZSK" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1w -e now+1w -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1w -e now+1w -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 echo "KSK: no" >> "${ZSK}".state
 echo "ZSK: yes" >> "${ZSK}".state
 echo "Lifetime: 31536000" >> "${ZSK}".state # PT1Y
@@ -253,7 +259,8 @@ $SETTIME -s -g $O -k $O $T -z $O $T          "$ZSK" > settime.out.$zone.2 2>&1
 cat template.db.in "${KSK}.key" "${ZSK}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$KSK" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$ZSK" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -PS -x -s now-2w -e now-1mi -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -PS -x -s now-2w -e now-1mi -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 $SETTIME -s -g HIDDEN "$ZSK" > settime.out.$zone.3 2>&1
 
 #
@@ -286,7 +293,8 @@ CSK=$($KEYGEN -k enable-dnssec -l policies/autosign.conf $keytimes $zone 2> keyg
 $SETTIME -s -g $O -k $R $TpubN -r $R $TpubN -d $H $TpubN -z $R $TpubN "$CSK" > settime.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 cat template.db.in "${CSK}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # Step 3:
 # The zone signatures have been published long enough to become OMNIPRESENT.
@@ -302,7 +310,8 @@ CSK=$($KEYGEN -k enable-dnssec -l policies/autosign.conf $keytimes $zone 2> keyg
 $SETTIME -s -g $O -k $O $TcotN -r $O $TcotN -d $H $TpubN -z $R $TpubN "$CSK" > settime.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 cat template.db.in "${CSK}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # Step 4:
 # The DS has been submitted long enough ago to become OMNIPRESENT.
@@ -321,7 +330,8 @@ CSK=$($KEYGEN -k enable-dnssec -l policies/autosign.conf $keytimes $zone 2> keyg
 $SETTIME -s -g $O -P ds $TsbmN -k $O $TcotN -r $O $TcotN -d $R $TsbmN -z $O $TsbmN "$CSK" > settime.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 cat template.db.in "${CSK}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 setup step4.enable-dnssec.autosign
 
 #
@@ -342,7 +352,8 @@ $SETTIME -s -g $O -k $O $TactN -z $O $TactN              "$ZSK" > settime.out.$z
 cat template.db.in "${KSK}.key" "${ZSK}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$KSK" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$ZSK" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # Step 2:
 # It is time to pre-publish the successor ZSK.
@@ -381,7 +392,8 @@ $SETTIME -s -g $O -k $O $TactN -z $O $TactN              "$ZSK" > settime.out.$z
 cat template.db.in "${KSK}.key" "${ZSK}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$KSK" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$ZSK" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # Step 3:
 # After the publication interval has passed the DNSKEY of the successor ZSK
@@ -443,7 +455,8 @@ cat template.db.in "${KSK}.key" "${ZSK1}.key" "${ZSK2}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$KSK"  >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$ZSK1" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$ZSK2" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # Step 4:
 # After the retire interval has passed the predecessor DNSKEY can be
@@ -502,7 +515,8 @@ $SETTIME -s -g $O -k $O $TactN1 -z $R $TactN1             "$ZSK2" > settime.out.
 key_successor $ZSK1 $ZSK2
 # Sign zone.
 cat template.db.in "${KSK}.key" "${ZSK1}.key" "${ZSK2}.key" > "$infile"
-$SIGNER -PS -x -s now-2w -e now-1mi -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -PS -x -s now-2w -e now-1mi -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # Step 5:
 # The predecessor DNSKEY is removed long enough that is has become HIDDEN.
@@ -540,7 +554,8 @@ cat template.db.in "${KSK}.key" "${ZSK1}.key" "${ZSK2}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$KSK"  >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$ZSK1" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$ZSK2" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # Step 6:
 # The predecessor DNSKEY can be purged.
@@ -578,7 +593,8 @@ cat template.db.in "${KSK}.key" "${ZSK1}.key" "${ZSK2}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$KSK"  >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$ZSK1" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$ZSK2" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 #
 # The zones at ksk-doubleksk.autosign represent the various steps of a KSK
@@ -596,7 +612,8 @@ ZSK=$($KEYGEN -a $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM -L 7200        $zsktimes $zone 2> keygen.out
 $SETTIME -s -g $O -k $O $TactN -r $O $TactN -d $O $TactN "$KSK" > settime.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 $SETTIME -s -g $O              -k $O $TactN -z $O $TactN "$ZSK" > settime.out.$zone.2 2>&1
 cat template.db.in "${KSK}.key" "${ZSK}.key" > "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # Step 2:
 # It is time to submit the introduce the new KSK.
@@ -647,7 +664,8 @@ $SETTIME -s -g $O -k $O $TactN -z $O $TactN              "$ZSK" > settime.out.$z
 cat template.db.in "${KSK}.key" "${ZSK}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$KSK" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$ZSK" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # Step 3:
 # It is time to submit the DS.
@@ -713,7 +731,8 @@ cat template.db.in "${KSK1}.key" "${KSK2}.key" "${ZSK}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$KSK1" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$KSK2" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$ZSK" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # Step 4:
 # The DS should be swapped now.
@@ -773,7 +792,8 @@ cat template.db.in "${KSK1}.key" "${KSK2}.key" "${ZSK}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$KSK1" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$KSK2" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$ZSK" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # Step 5:
 # The predecessor DNSKEY is removed long enough that is has become HIDDEN.
@@ -811,7 +831,8 @@ cat template.db.in "${KSK1}.key" "${KSK2}.key" "${ZSK}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$KSK1" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$KSK2" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$ZSK" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # Step 6:
 # The predecessor DNSKEY can be purged.
@@ -849,7 +870,8 @@ cat template.db.in "${KSK1}.key" "${KSK2}.key" "${ZSK}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$KSK1" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$KSK2" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$ZSK" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 #
 # The zones at csk-roll.autosign represent the various steps of a CSK rollover
@@ -865,7 +887,8 @@ CSK=$($KEYGEN -k csk-roll -l policies/autosign.conf $csktimes $zone 2> keygen.ou
 $SETTIME -s -g $O -k $O $TactN -r $O $TactN -d $O $TactN -z $O $TactN "$CSK" > settime.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 cat template.db.in "${CSK}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # Step 2:
 # It is time to introduce the new CSK.
@@ -892,7 +915,8 @@ CSK=$($KEYGEN -k csk-roll -l policies/autosign.conf $csktimes $zone 2> keygen.ou
 $SETTIME -s -g $O -k $O $TactN -r $O $TactN -d $O $TactN -z $O $TactN "$CSK" > settime.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 cat template.db.in "${CSK}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # Step 3:
 # It is time to submit the DS and to roll signatures.
@@ -946,7 +970,8 @@ key_successor $CSK1 $CSK2
 cat template.db.in "${CSK1}.key" "${CSK2}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK1" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK2" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # Step 4:
 # Some time later all the ZRRSIG records should be from the new CSK, and the
@@ -992,7 +1017,8 @@ key_successor $CSK1 $CSK2
 cat template.db.in "${CSK1}.key" "${CSK2}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK1" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK2" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # Step 5:
 # After the DS is swapped in step 4, also the KRRSIG records can be removed.
@@ -1027,7 +1053,8 @@ key_successor $CSK1 $CSK2
 cat template.db.in "${CSK1}.key" "${CSK2}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK1" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK2" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # Step 6:
 # After the retire interval has passed the predecessor DNSKEY can be
@@ -1070,7 +1097,8 @@ key_successor $CSK1 $CSK2
 cat template.db.in "${CSK1}.key" "${CSK2}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK1" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK2" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # Step 7:
 # Some time later the predecessor DNSKEY enters the HIDDEN state.
@@ -1104,7 +1132,8 @@ key_successor $CSK1 $CSK2
 cat template.db.in "${CSK1}.key" "${CSK2}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK1" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK2" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # Step 8:
 # The predecessor DNSKEY can be purged.
@@ -1138,7 +1167,8 @@ key_successor $CSK1 $CSK2
 cat template.db.in "${CSK1}.key" "${CSK2}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK1" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK2" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 #
 # The zones at csk-roll2.autosign represent the various steps of a CSK rollover
@@ -1156,7 +1186,8 @@ CSK=$($KEYGEN -k csk-roll2 -l policies/autosign.conf $csktimes $zone 2> keygen.o
 $SETTIME -s -g $O -k $O $TactN -r $O $TactN -d $O $TactN -z $O $TactN "$CSK" > settime.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 cat template.db.in "${CSK}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # Step 2:
 # It is time to introduce the new CSK.
@@ -1183,7 +1214,8 @@ CSK=$($KEYGEN -k csk-roll2 -l policies/autosign.conf $csktimes $zone 2> keygen.o
 $SETTIME -s -g $O -k $O $TactN -r $O $TactN -d $O $TactN -z $O $TactN "$CSK" > settime.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 cat template.db.in "${CSK}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # Step 3:
 # It is time to submit the DS and to roll signatures.
@@ -1237,7 +1269,8 @@ key_successor $CSK1 $CSK2
 cat template.db.in "${CSK1}.key" "${CSK2}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK1" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK2" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # Step 4:
 # Some time later all the ZRRSIG records should be from the new CSK, and the
@@ -1284,7 +1317,8 @@ key_successor $CSK1 $CSK2
 cat template.db.in "${CSK1}.key" "${CSK2}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK1" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK2" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # Step 5:
 # Some time later the DS can be swapped and the old DNSKEY can be removed from
@@ -1320,7 +1354,8 @@ key_successor $CSK1 $CSK2
 cat template.db.in "${CSK1}.key" "${CSK2}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK1" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK2" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # Step 6:
 # Some time later the predecessor DNSKEY enters the HIDDEN state.
@@ -1355,7 +1390,8 @@ key_successor $CSK1 $CSK2
 cat template.db.in "${CSK1}.key" "${CSK2}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK1" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK2" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # Step 7:
 # The predecessor DNSKEY can be purged, but purge-keys is disabled.
@@ -1389,4 +1425,5 @@ key_successor $CSK1 $CSK2
 cat template.db.in "${CSK1}.key" "${CSK2}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK1" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK2" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+30d -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/kasp/ns6/named.conf.in b/bin/tests/system/kasp/ns6/named.conf.in
index 7e62fa9dd5..f00594b784 100644
--- a/bin/tests/system/kasp/ns6/named.conf.in
+++ b/bin/tests/system/kasp/ns6/named.conf.in
@@ -38,6 +38,14 @@ controls {
 	inet 10.53.0.6 port @CONTROLPORT@ allow { any; } keys { rndc_key; };
 };
 
+/* This zone switch from dynamic to inline-signing. */
+zone "dynamic2inline.kasp" {
+	type primary;
+	file "dynamic2inline.kasp.db";
+	allow-update { any; };
+	dnssec-policy "default";
+};
+
 /* These zones are going insecure. */
 zone "step1.going-insecure.kasp" {
 	type primary;
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/kasp/ns6/named2.conf.in b/bin/tests/system/kasp/ns6/named2.conf.in
index 79fc7768e7..1bb6242b6d 100644
--- a/bin/tests/system/kasp/ns6/named2.conf.in
+++ b/bin/tests/system/kasp/ns6/named2.conf.in
@@ -37,6 +37,15 @@ controls {
 	inet 10.53.0.6 port @CONTROLPORT@ allow { any; } keys { rndc_key; };
 };
 
+/* This zone switch from dynamic to inline-signing. */
+zone "dynamic2inline.kasp" {
+	type primary;
+	file "dynamic2inline.kasp.db";
+	allow-update { any; };
+	inline-signing yes;
+	dnssec-policy "default";
+};
+
 /* Zones for testing going insecure. */
 zone "step1.going-insecure.kasp" {
         type primary;
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/kasp/ns6/policies/kasp-fips.conf.in b/bin/tests/system/kasp/ns6/policies/kasp-fips.conf.in
index 683c9ef500..810b91d6ad 100644
--- a/bin/tests/system/kasp/ns6/policies/kasp-fips.conf.in
+++ b/bin/tests/system/kasp/ns6/policies/kasp-fips.conf.in
@@ -20,6 +20,10 @@ dnssec-policy "unsigning" {
 	};
 };
 
+dnssec-policy "nsec3" {
+	nsec3param iterations 0 optout no salt-length 0;
+};
+
 dnssec-policy "rsasha256" {
 	signatures-refresh P5D;
 	signatures-validity 30d;
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/kasp/ns6/setup.sh b/bin/tests/system/kasp/ns6/setup.sh
index 3f3f193a66..6764f1b9c1 100644
--- a/bin/tests/system/kasp/ns6/setup.sh
+++ b/bin/tests/system/kasp/ns6/setup.sh
@@ -45,7 +45,8 @@ do
 	cat template.db.in "${KSK}.key" "${ZSK}.key" > "$infile"
 	private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$KSK" >> "$infile"
 	private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$ZSK" >> "$infile"
-	$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+	cp $infile $zonefile
+	$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 	# Step 2:
 	# Set up a zone with dnssec-policy that is going insecure. Don't add
@@ -66,7 +67,8 @@ do
 	cat template.db.in "${KSK}.key" "${ZSK}.key" > "$infile"
 	private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$KSK" >> "$infile"
 	private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$ZSK" >> "$infile"
-	$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+	cp $infile $zonefile
+	$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 done
 
 # This zone is going straight to "none" policy. This is undefined behavior.
@@ -78,7 +80,8 @@ CSK=$($KEYGEN -k default $csktimes $zone 2> keygen.out.$zone.1)
 $SETTIME -s -g $O -k $O $TactN -z $O $TactN -r $O $TactN -d $O $TactN "$CSK" > settime.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 cat template.db.in "${CSK}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -z -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 #
 # The zones at algorithm-roll.kasp represent the various steps of a ZSK/KSK
@@ -99,7 +102,8 @@ $SETTIME -s -g $O -k $O $TactN -z $O $TactN              "$ZSK" > settime.out.$z
 cat template.db.in "${KSK}.key" "${ZSK}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone 8 "$KSK" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone 8 "$ZSK" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # Step 2:
 # After the publication interval has passed the DNSKEY is OMNIPRESENT.
@@ -130,7 +134,8 @@ private_type_record $zone 8  "$KSK1" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone 8  "$ZSK1" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$KSK2" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$ZSK2" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # Step 3:
 # The zone signatures are also OMNIPRESENT.
@@ -160,7 +165,8 @@ private_type_record $zone 8  "$KSK1" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone 8  "$ZSK1" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$KSK2" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$ZSK2" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # Step 4:
 # The DS is swapped and can become OMNIPRESENT.
@@ -191,7 +197,8 @@ private_type_record $zone 8  "$KSK1" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone 8  "$ZSK1" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$KSK2" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$ZSK2" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # Step 5:
 # The DNSKEY is removed long enough to be HIDDEN.
@@ -223,7 +230,8 @@ private_type_record $zone 8  "$KSK1" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone 8  "$ZSK1" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$KSK2" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$ZSK2" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # Step 6:
 # The RRSIGs have been removed long enough to be HIDDEN.
@@ -256,7 +264,8 @@ private_type_record $zone 8  "$KSK1" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone 8  "$ZSK1" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$KSK2" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$ZSK2" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -x -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 #
 # The zones at csk-algorithm-roll.kasp represent the various steps of a CSK
@@ -273,7 +282,8 @@ CSK=$($KEYGEN -k csk-algoroll -l policies/csk1.conf $csktimes $zone 2> keygen.ou
 $SETTIME -s -g $O -k $O $TactN -r $O $TactN -z $O $TactN -d $O $TactN "$CSK" > settime.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 cat template.db.in "${CSK}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone 5 "$CSK" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -x -z -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -x -z -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # Step 2:
 # After the publication interval has passed the DNSKEY is OMNIPRESENT.
@@ -292,7 +302,8 @@ echo "Lifetime: 0" >> "${CSK1}.state"
 cat template.db.in "${CSK1}.key" "${CSK2}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone 5  "$CSK1" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK2" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -x -z -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -x -z -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # Step 3:
 # The zone signatures are also OMNIPRESENT.
@@ -313,7 +324,8 @@ echo "Lifetime: 0" >> "${CSK1}.state"
 cat template.db.in "${CSK1}.key" "${CSK2}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone 5  "$CSK1" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK2" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -x -z -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -x -z -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # Step 4:
 # The DS is swapped and can become OMNIPRESENT.
@@ -335,7 +347,8 @@ echo "Lifetime: 0" >> "${CSK1}.state"
 cat template.db.in "${CSK1}.key" "${CSK2}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone 5  "$CSK1" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK2" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -x -z -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -x -z -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # Step 5:
 # The DNSKEY is removed long enough to be HIDDEN.
@@ -358,7 +371,8 @@ echo "Lifetime: 0" >> "${CSK1}.state"
 cat template.db.in "${CSK1}.key" "${CSK2}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone 5  "$CSK1" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK2" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -x -z -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -x -z -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 # Step 6:
 # The RRSIGs have been removed long enough to be HIDDEN.
@@ -382,10 +396,14 @@ echo "Lifetime: 0" >> "${CSK1}.state"
 cat template.db.in "${CSK1}.key" "${CSK2}.key" > "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone 5  "$CSK1" >> "$infile"
 private_type_record $zone $DEFAULT_ALGORITHM_NUMBER "$CSK2" >> "$infile"
-$SIGNER -S -x -z -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O full -f $zonefile $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
+cp $infile $zonefile
+$SIGNER -S -x -z -s now-1h -e now+2w -o $zone -O raw -f "${zonefile}.signed" $infile > signer.out.$zone.1 2>&1
 
 #
 # Reload testing
 #
 echo "example" >> zones
 cp example.db.in example.db
+
+setup "dynamic2inline.kasp"
+cp template.db.in $zonefile
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/kasp/tests.sh b/bin/tests/system/kasp/tests.sh
index eefe12e541..ab65dff3ad 100644
--- a/bin/tests/system/kasp/tests.sh
+++ b/bin/tests/system/kasp/tests.sh
@@ -1375,9 +1375,10 @@ check_rrsig_reuse() {
 		dig_with_opts "$ZONE" "@${SERVER}" "$_qtype" > "dig.out.$DIR.test$n" || log_error "dig ${ZONE} ${_qtype} failed"
 		grep "status: NOERROR" "dig.out.$DIR.test$n" > /dev/null || log_error "mismatch status in DNS response"
 		grep "${ZONE}\..*IN.*RRSIG.*${_qtype}.*${ZONE}" "dig.out.$DIR.test$n" > "rrsig.out.$ZONE.$_qtype" || log_error "missing RRSIG (${_qtype}) record in response"
-		# If this exact RRSIG is also in the zone file it is not refreshed.
+		# If this exact RRSIG is also in the signed zone file it is not refreshed.
 		_rrsig=$(awk '{print $5, $6, $7, $8, $9, $10, $11, $12, $13, $14;}' < "rrsig.out.$ZONE.$_qtype")
-		grep "${_rrsig}" "${DIR}/${ZONE}.db" > /dev/null || log_error "RRSIG (${_qtype}) not reused in zone ${ZONE}"
+		$CHECKZONE -f raw -F text -s full -o zone.out.${ZONE}.test$n "${ZONE}" "${DIR}/${ZONE}.db.signed" > /dev/null
+		grep "${_rrsig}" zone.out.${ZONE}.test$n > /dev/null || log_error "RRSIG (${_qtype}) not reused in zone ${ZONE}"
 		test "$ret" -eq 0 || echo_i "failed"
 		status=$((status+ret))
 	done
@@ -1395,8 +1396,10 @@ check_rrsig_reuse() {
 			dig_with_opts "${_label}.${ZONE}" "@${SERVER}" "$_qtype" > "dig.out.$DIR.test$n" || log_error "dig ${_label}.${ZONE} ${_qtype} failed"
 			grep "status: NOERROR" "dig.out.$DIR.test$n" > /dev/null || log_error "mismatch status in DNS response"
 			grep "${ZONE}\..*IN.*RRSIG.*${_qtype}.*${ZONE}" "dig.out.$DIR.test$n" > "rrsig.out.$ZONE.$_qtype" || log_error "missing RRSIG (${_qtype}) record in response"
+			# If this exact RRSIG is also in the signed zone file it is not refreshed.
 			_rrsig=$(awk '{print $5, $6, $7, $8, $9, $10, $11, $12, $13, $14;}' < "rrsig.out.$ZONE.$_qtype")
-			grep "${_rrsig}" "${DIR}/${ZONE}.db" > /dev/null || log_error "RRSIG (${_qtype}) not reused in zone ${ZONE}"
+			$CHECKZONE -f raw -F text -s full -o zone.out.${ZONE}.test$n "${ZONE}" "${DIR}/${ZONE}.db.signed" > /dev/null
+			grep "${_rrsig}" zone.out.${ZONE}.test$n > /dev/null || log_error "RRSIG (${_qtype}) not reused in zone ${ZONE}"
 			test "$ret" -eq 0 || echo_i "failed"
 			status=$((status+ret))
 		done
@@ -3540,6 +3543,34 @@ set_policy "default" "1" "3600"
 set_server "ns3" "10.53.0.3"
 # TODO (GL #2471).
 
+# Test dynamic zones that switch to inline-signing.
+set_zone "dynamic2inline.kasp"
+set_policy "default" "1" "3600"
+set_server "ns6" "10.53.0.6"
+# Key properties.
+key_clear        "KEY1"
+set_keyrole      "KEY1" "csk"
+set_keylifetime  "KEY1" "0"
+set_keyalgorithm "KEY1" "13" "ECDSAP256SHA256" "256"
+set_keysigning   "KEY1" "yes"
+set_zonesigning  "KEY1" "yes"
+key_clear "KEY2"
+key_clear "KEY3"
+key_clear "KEY4"
+
+# The CSK is rumoured.
+set_keystate "KEY1" "GOAL"         "omnipresent"
+set_keystate "KEY1" "STATE_DNSKEY" "rumoured"
+set_keystate "KEY1" "STATE_KRRSIG" "rumoured"
+set_keystate "KEY1" "STATE_ZRRSIG" "rumoured"
+set_keystate "KEY1" "STATE_DS"     "hidden"
+# Various signing policy checks.
+check_keys
+check_dnssecstatus "$SERVER" "$POLICY" "$ZONE"
+check_apex
+check_subdomain
+dnssec_verify
+
 #
 # Testing algorithm rollover.
 #
@@ -3807,6 +3838,34 @@ wait_for_done_signing() {
 	status=$((status+ret))
 }
 
+# Test dynamic zones that switch to inline-signing.
+set_zone "dynamic2inline.kasp"
+set_policy "default" "1" "3600"
+set_server "ns6" "10.53.0.6"
+# Key properties.
+key_clear        "KEY1"
+set_keyrole      "KEY1" "csk"
+set_keylifetime  "KEY1" "0"
+set_keyalgorithm "KEY1" "13" "ECDSAP256SHA256" "256"
+set_keysigning   "KEY1" "yes"
+set_zonesigning  "KEY1" "yes"
+key_clear "KEY2"
+key_clear "KEY3"
+key_clear "KEY4"
+
+# The CSK is rumoured.
+set_keystate "KEY1" "GOAL"         "omnipresent"
+set_keystate "KEY1" "STATE_DNSKEY" "rumoured"
+set_keystate "KEY1" "STATE_KRRSIG" "rumoured"
+set_keystate "KEY1" "STATE_ZRRSIG" "rumoured"
+set_keystate "KEY1" "STATE_DS"     "hidden"
+# Various signing policy checks.
+check_keys
+check_dnssecstatus "$SERVER" "$POLICY" "$ZONE"
+check_apex
+check_subdomain
+dnssec_verify
+
 #
 # Testing going insecure.
 #
@@ -3974,8 +4033,6 @@ key_clear "KEY4"
 # Various signing policy checks.
 check_keys
 check_dnssecstatus "$SERVER" "$POLICY" "$ZONE"
-check_apex
-check_subdomain
 dnssec_verify
 
 #
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/keymgr2kasp/clean.sh b/bin/tests/system/keymgr2kasp/clean.sh
index cc4ffe3f8b..1fe2bb946d 100644
--- a/bin/tests/system/keymgr2kasp/clean.sh
+++ b/bin/tests/system/keymgr2kasp/clean.sh
@@ -30,4 +30,5 @@ rm -f ./python.out.*
 rm -f ./retired.*
 rm -f ./rndc.dnssec.*
 rm -f ./unused.key*
+rm -f ./verify.out.*
 
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/nsec3/clean.sh b/bin/tests/system/nsec3/clean.sh
index d6b11e749b..7ca6829689 100644
--- a/bin/tests/system/nsec3/clean.sh
+++ b/bin/tests/system/nsec3/clean.sh
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
 set -e
 
-rm -f dig.out.* rndc.signing.* verify.out.*
+rm -f dig.out.* rndc.signing.* update.out.* verify.out.*
 rm -f ns*/named.conf ns*/named.memstats ns*/named.run*
 rm -f ns*/*.jnl ns*/*.jbk ns*/managed-keys.bind
 rm -f ns*/K*.private ns*/K*.key ns*/K*.state
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/nsec3/ns2/named.conf.in b/bin/tests/system/nsec3/ns2/named.conf.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d6caf15615
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/tests/system/nsec3/ns2/named.conf.in
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+ *
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0.  If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, you can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ *
+ * See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional
+ * information regarding copyright ownership.
+ */
+
+// NS2
+
+dnssec-policy "nsec3" {
+	nsec3param;
+};
+
+options {
+	query-source address 10.53.0.2;
+	notify-source 10.53.0.2;
+	transfer-source 10.53.0.2;
+	port @PORT@;
+	pid-file "named.pid";
+	listen-on { 10.53.0.2; };
+	listen-on-v6 { none; };
+	allow-transfer { any; };
+	recursion no;
+};
+
+key rndc_key {
+	secret "1234abcd8765";
+	algorithm @DEFAULT_HMAC@;
+};
+
+controls {
+	inet 10.53.0.2 port @CONTROLPORT@ allow { any; } keys { rndc_key; };
+};
+
+zone "nsec3-xfr-inline.kasp" {
+	type primary;
+	file "nsec3-xfr-inline.kasp.db";
+	inline-signing yes;
+	dnssec-policy "nsec3";
+};
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/nsec3/ns2/setup.sh b/bin/tests/system/nsec3/ns2/setup.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1cbe02f9c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/tests/system/nsec3/ns2/setup.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/bin/sh -e
+
+# Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+#
+# This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+# License, v. 2.0.  If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+# file, you can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+#
+# See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional
+# information regarding copyright ownership.
+
+# shellcheck source=conf.sh
+. ../../conf.sh
+
+echo_i "ns2/setup.sh"
+
+zone="nsec3-xfr-inline.kasp"
+echo_i "setting up zone: $zone"
+zonefile="${zone}.db"
+cp template.db.in "$zonefile"
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/nsec3/ns2/template.db.in b/bin/tests/system/nsec3/ns2/template.db.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8379c37213
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/tests/system/nsec3/ns2/template.db.in
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+; Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+;
+; SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+;
+; This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+; License, v. 2.0.  If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+; file, you can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+;
+; See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional
+; information regarding copyright ownership.
+
+$TTL 300
+@		IN	SOA  mname1. . (
+			1       ; serial
+			20      ; refresh (20 seconds)
+			20      ; retry (20 seconds)
+			1814400 ; expire (3 weeks)
+			3600    ; minimum (1 hour)
+			)
+
+			NS	ns2
+ns2			A	10.53.0.2
+ns3			A	10.53.0.3
+
+a			A	10.0.0.1
+b			A	10.0.0.2
+c			A	10.0.0.3
+
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/nsec3/ns3/named.conf.in b/bin/tests/system/nsec3/ns3/named.conf.in
index c94fa5d679..de097744ba 100644
--- a/bin/tests/system/nsec3/ns3/named.conf.in
+++ b/bin/tests/system/nsec3/ns3/named.conf.in
@@ -184,3 +184,35 @@ zone "nsec3-fails-to-load.kasp" {
 	dnssec-policy "nsec3";
 	allow-update { any; };
 };
+
+/* These zones switch from dynamic to inline-signing or vice versa. */
+zone "nsec3-dynamic-to-inline.kasp" {
+	type primary;
+	file "nsec3-dynamic-to-inline.kasp.db";
+	dnssec-policy "nsec3";
+	allow-update { any; };
+};
+
+zone "nsec3-inline-to-dynamic.kasp" {
+	type primary;
+	file "nsec3-inline-to-dynamic.kasp.db";
+	inline-signing yes;
+	dnssec-policy "nsec3";
+};
+
+/* Test adding a NSEC3 record to an inline-signing dnssec-policy zone. */
+zone "nsec3-dynamic-update-inline.kasp" {
+	type primary;
+	file "nsec3-dynamic-update-inline.kasp.db";
+	inline-signing yes;
+	allow-update { any; };
+	dnssec-policy "nsec";
+};
+
+zone "nsec3-xfr-inline.kasp" {
+	type secondary;
+	file "nsec3-xfr-inline.kasp.db";
+	inline-signing yes;
+	dnssec-policy "nsec";
+	primaries { 10.53.0.2; };
+};
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/nsec3/ns3/named2.conf.in b/bin/tests/system/nsec3/ns3/named2.conf.in
index d9764abcad..084bba3f0b 100644
--- a/bin/tests/system/nsec3/ns3/named2.conf.in
+++ b/bin/tests/system/nsec3/ns3/named2.conf.in
@@ -193,3 +193,20 @@ zone "nsec3-fails-to-load.kasp" {
 	dnssec-policy "nsec3";
 	allow-update { any; };
 };
+
+/* These zones switch from dynamic to inline-signing or vice versa. */
+zone "nsec3-dynamic-to-inline.kasp" {
+	type primary;
+	file "nsec3-dynamic-to-inline.kasp.db";
+	inline-signing yes;
+	dnssec-policy "nsec3";
+	allow-update { any; };
+};
+
+zone "nsec3-inline-to-dynamic.kasp" {
+	type primary;
+	file "nsec3-inline-to-dynamic.kasp.db";
+	inline-signing no;
+	dnssec-policy "nsec3";
+	allow-update { any; };
+};
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/nsec3/ns3/setup.sh b/bin/tests/system/nsec3/ns3/setup.sh
index e2478ac3df..68bc2e4511 100644
--- a/bin/tests/system/nsec3/ns3/setup.sh
+++ b/bin/tests/system/nsec3/ns3/setup.sh
@@ -25,7 +25,9 @@ setup() {
 }
 
 for zn in nsec-to-nsec3 nsec3 nsec3-other nsec3-change nsec3-to-nsec \
-	  nsec3-to-optout nsec3-from-optout nsec3-dynamic nsec3-dynamic-change
+	  nsec3-to-optout nsec3-from-optout nsec3-dynamic \
+	  nsec3-dynamic-change nsec3-dynamic-to-inline \
+	  nsec3-inline-to-dynamic nsec3-dynamic-update-inline
 do
 	setup "${zn}.kasp"
 done
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/nsec3/setup.sh b/bin/tests/system/nsec3/setup.sh
index 66320529b7..bdd1ae9a81 100644
--- a/bin/tests/system/nsec3/setup.sh
+++ b/bin/tests/system/nsec3/setup.sh
@@ -18,8 +18,12 @@ set -e
 
 $SHELL clean.sh
 
+copy_setports ns2/named.conf.in ns2/named.conf
+(
+	cd ns2
+	$SHELL setup.sh
+)
 copy_setports ns3/named.conf.in ns3/named.conf
-
 (
 	cd ns3
 	$SHELL setup.sh
diff --git a/bin/tests/system/nsec3/tests.sh b/bin/tests/system/nsec3/tests.sh
index 1d9adbc3a2..0abbbce71c 100644
--- a/bin/tests/system/nsec3/tests.sh
+++ b/bin/tests/system/nsec3/tests.sh
@@ -297,6 +297,20 @@ set_key_default_values "KEY1"
 echo_i "initial check zone ${ZONE}"
 check_nsec3
 
+# Zone: nsec3-dynamic-to-inline.kasp.
+set_zone_policy "nsec3-dynamic-to-inline.kasp" "nsec3" 1 3600
+set_nsec3param "0" "0" "0"
+set_key_default_values "KEY1"
+echo_i "initial check zone ${ZONE}"
+check_nsec3
+
+# Zone: nsec3-inline-to-dynamic.kasp.
+set_zone_policy "nsec3-inline-to-dynamic.kasp" "nsec3" 1 3600
+set_nsec3param "0" "0" "0"
+set_key_default_values "KEY1"
+echo_i "initial check zone ${ZONE}"
+check_nsec3
+
 # Zone: nsec3-to-nsec.kasp.
 set_zone_policy "nsec3-to-nsec.kasp" "nsec3" 1 3600
 set_nsec3param "0" "0" "0"
@@ -325,7 +339,34 @@ set_key_default_values "KEY1"
 echo_i "initial check zone ${ZONE}"
 check_nsec3
 
+# Zone: nsec3-xfr-inline.kasp.
+# This is a secondary zone, where the primary is signed with NSEC3 but
+# the dnssec-policy dictates NSEC.
+set_zone_policy "nsec3-xfr-inline.kasp" "nsec" 1 3600
+set_key_default_values "KEY1"
+echo_i "initial check zone ${ZONE}"
+check_nsec
+
+# Zone: nsec3-dynamic-update-inline.kasp.
+set_zone_policy "nsec3-dynamic-update-inline.kasp" "nsec" 1 3600
+set_key_default_values "KEY1"
+echo_i "initial check zone ${ZONE}"
+check_nsec
+
+n=$((n+1))
+echo_i "dynamic update dnssec-policy zone ${ZONE} with NSEC3 ($n)"
+ret=0
+$NSUPDATE > update.out.$ZONE.test$n 2>&1 << END || ret=1
+server 10.53.0.3 ${PORT}
+zone ${ZONE}.
+update add 04O18462RI5903H8RDVL0QDT5B528DUJ.${ZONE}. 3600 NSEC3 0 0 0 408A4B2D412A4E95 1JMDDPMTFF8QQLIOINSIG4CR9OTICAOC A RRSIG
+send
+END
+wait_for_log 10 "updating zone '${ZONE}/IN': update failed: explicit NSEC3 updates are not allowed in secure zones (REFUSED)" ns3/named.run || ret=1
+check_nsec
+
 # Reconfig named.
+ret=0
 echo_i "reconfig dnssec-policy to trigger nsec3 rollovers"
 copy_setports ns3/named2.conf.in ns3/named.conf
 rndc_reconfig ns3 10.53.0.3
@@ -419,6 +460,20 @@ set_key_default_values "KEY1"
 echo_i "check zone ${ZONE} after reconfig"
 check_nsec3
 
+# Zone: nsec3-dynamic-to-inline.kasp. (same)
+set_zone_policy "nsec3-dynamic-to-inline.kasp" "nsec3" 1 3600
+set_nsec3param "0" "0" "0"
+set_key_default_values "KEY1"
+echo_i "check zone ${ZONE} after reconfig"
+check_nsec3
+
+# Zone: nsec3-inline-to-dynamic.kasp. (same)
+set_zone_policy "nsec3-inline-to-dynamic.kasp" "nsec3" 1 3600
+set_nsec3param "0" "0" "0"
+set_key_default_values "KEY1"
+echo_i "initial check zone ${ZONE}"
+check_nsec3
+
 # Zone: nsec3-to-nsec.kasp. (reconfigured)
 set_zone_policy "nsec3-to-nsec.kasp" "nsec" 1 3600
 set_nsec3param "1" "11" "8"
diff --git a/doc/notes/notes-current.rst b/doc/notes/notes-current.rst
index 36b1a877fb..5245ef7479 100644
--- a/doc/notes/notes-current.rst
+++ b/doc/notes/notes-current.rst
@@ -63,3 +63,6 @@ Bug Fixes
   enter into a state where it would not recover without stopping ``named``,
   manually deleting ``managed-keys.bind`` and ``managed-keys.bind.jnl`` files,
   and starting ``named`` again. :gl:`#2895`
+
+- Fixed a crash that happens when you reconfigure a ``dnssec-policy``
+  zone that uses NSEC3 to enable ``inline-signing``. :gl:`#3591`
diff --git a/lib/dns/zone.c b/lib/dns/zone.c
index 672d2997bc..cf2fc489c7 100644
--- a/lib/dns/zone.c
+++ b/lib/dns/zone.c
@@ -17169,9 +17169,8 @@ restore_nsec3param(dns_zone_t *zone, dns_db_t *db, dns_dbversion_t *version,
 }
 
 static isc_result_t
-copy_non_dnssec_records(dns_zone_t *zone, dns_db_t *db, dns_db_t *version,
-			dns_db_t *rawdb, dns_dbiterator_t *dbiterator,
-			unsigned int *oldserial) {
+copy_non_dnssec_records(dns_db_t *db, dns_db_t *version, dns_db_t *rawdb,
+			dns_dbiterator_t *dbiterator, unsigned int *oldserial) {
 	dns_dbnode_t *rawnode = NULL, *node = NULL;
 	dns_fixedname_t fixed;
 	dns_name_t *name = dns_fixedname_initname(&fixed);
@@ -17208,14 +17207,8 @@ copy_non_dnssec_records(dns_zone_t *zone, dns_db_t *db, dns_db_t *version,
 		    rdataset.type == dns_rdatatype_dnskey ||
 		    rdataset.type == dns_rdatatype_nsec3param)
 		{
-			/*
-			 * Allow DNSSEC records with dnssec-policy.
-			 * WMM: Perhaps add config option for it.
-			 */
-			if (dns_zone_getkasp(zone) == NULL) {
-				dns_rdataset_disassociate(&rdataset);
-				continue;
-			}
+			dns_rdataset_disassociate(&rdataset);
+			continue;
 		}
 		if (rdataset.type == dns_rdatatype_soa && oldserial != NULL) {
 			result = checkandaddsoa(db, node, version, &rdataset,
@@ -17318,8 +17311,8 @@ receive_secure_db(isc_task_t *task, isc_event_t *event) {
 	for (result = dns_dbiterator_first(dbiterator); result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
 	     result = dns_dbiterator_next(dbiterator))
 	{
-		result = copy_non_dnssec_records(zone, db, version, rawdb,
-						 dbiterator, oldserialp);
+		result = copy_non_dnssec_records(db, version, rawdb, dbiterator,
+						 oldserialp);
 		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
 			goto failure;
 		}