diff --git a/CHANGES b/CHANGES index 93f0cfde23..3923c6bc68 100644 --- a/CHANGES +++ b/CHANGES @@ -1,3 +1,6 @@ +3667. [func] dig: add support to keep the TCP socket open between + successive queries (+[no]keepopen). [RT #34918] + 3666. [func] Add a tool, named-rrchecker, for checking the syntax of individual resource records. This tool is intended to be called by provisioning systems so that the front diff --git a/bin/dig/dig.1 b/bin/dig/dig.1 index ab06b1d8b5..acb29e08bb 100644 --- a/bin/dig/dig.1 +++ b/bin/dig/dig.1 @@ -17,18 +17,35 @@ .\" .hy 0 .ad l +'\" t .\" Title: dig -.\" Author: -.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.71.1 +.\" Author: [FIXME: author] [see http://docbook.sf.net/el/author] +.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.78.1 .\" Date: Jun 30, 2000 .\" Manual: BIND9 .\" Source: BIND9 +.\" Language: English .\" .TH "DIG" "1" "Jun 30, 2000" "BIND9" "BIND9" +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * Define some portability stuff +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 +.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html +.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq +.el .ds Aq ' +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * set default formatting +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .\" disable hyphenation .nh .\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) .ad l +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- +.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * +.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .SH "NAME" dig \- DNS lookup utility .SH "SYNOPSIS" @@ -41,177 +58,181 @@ dig \- DNS lookup utility .SH "DESCRIPTION" .PP \fBdig\fR -(domain information groper) is a flexible tool for interrogating DNS name servers. It performs DNS lookups and displays the answers that are returned from the name server(s) that were queried. Most DNS administrators use +(domain information groper) is a flexible tool for interrogating DNS name servers\&. It performs DNS lookups and displays the answers that are returned from the name server(s) that were queried\&. Most DNS administrators use \fBdig\fR -to troubleshoot DNS problems because of its flexibility, ease of use and clarity of output. Other lookup tools tend to have less functionality than -\fBdig\fR. +to troubleshoot DNS problems because of its flexibility, ease of use and clarity of output\&. Other lookup tools tend to have less functionality than +\fBdig\fR\&. .PP Although \fBdig\fR -is normally used with command\-line arguments, it also has a batch mode of operation for reading lookup requests from a file. A brief summary of its command\-line arguments and options is printed when the +is normally used with command\-line arguments, it also has a batch mode of operation for reading lookup requests from a file\&. A brief summary of its command\-line arguments and options is printed when the \fB\-h\fR -option is given. Unlike earlier versions, the BIND 9 implementation of +option is given\&. Unlike earlier versions, the BIND 9 implementation of \fBdig\fR -allows multiple lookups to be issued from the command line. +allows multiple lookups to be issued from the command line\&. .PP Unless it is told to query a specific name server, \fBdig\fR will try each of the servers listed in -\fI/etc/resolv.conf\fR. If no usable server addreses are found, +/etc/resolv\&.conf\&. If no usable server addreses are found, \fBdig\fR -will send the query to the local host. +will send the query to the local host\&. .PP When no command line arguments or options are given, \fBdig\fR -will perform an NS query for "." (the root). +will perform an NS query for "\&." (the root)\&. .PP It is possible to set per\-user defaults for \fBdig\fR via -\fI${HOME}/.digrc\fR. This file is read and any options in it are applied before the command line arguments. +${HOME}/\&.digrc\&. This file is read and any options in it are applied before the command line arguments\&. .PP -The IN and CH class names overlap with the IN and CH top level domains names. Either use the +The IN and CH class names overlap with the IN and CH top level domains names\&. Either use the \fB\-t\fR and \fB\-c\fR options to specify the type and class, use the \fB\-q\fR -the specify the domain name, or use "IN." and "CH." when looking up these top level domains. +the specify the domain name, or use "IN\&." and "CH\&." when looking up these top level domains\&. .SH "SIMPLE USAGE" .PP A typical invocation of \fBdig\fR looks like: .sp +.if n \{\ .RS 4 +.\} .nf dig @server name type .fi +.if n \{\ .RE +.\} .sp where: .PP \fBserver\fR .RS 4 -is the name or IP address of the name server to query. This can be an IPv4 address in dotted\-decimal notation or an IPv6 address in colon\-delimited notation. When the supplied +is the name or IP address of the name server to query\&. This can be an IPv4 address in dotted\-decimal notation or an IPv6 address in colon\-delimited notation\&. When the supplied \fIserver\fR argument is a hostname, \fBdig\fR -resolves that name before querying that name server. +resolves that name before querying that name server\&. .sp If no \fIserver\fR argument is provided, \fBdig\fR consults -\fI/etc/resolv.conf\fR; if an address is found there, it queries the name server at that address. If either of the +/etc/resolv\&.conf; if an address is found there, it queries the name server at that address\&. If either of the \fB\-4\fR or \fB\-6\fR -options are in use, then only addresses for the corresponding transport will be tried. If no usable addresses are found, +options are in use, then only addresses for the corresponding transport will be tried\&. If no usable addresses are found, \fBdig\fR -will send the query to the local host. The reply from the name server that responds is displayed. +will send the query to the local host\&. The reply from the name server that responds is displayed\&. .RE .PP \fBname\fR .RS 4 -is the name of the resource record that is to be looked up. +is the name of the resource record that is to be looked up\&. .RE .PP \fBtype\fR .RS 4 -indicates what type of query is required \(em ANY, A, MX, SIG, etc. +indicates what type of query is required \(em ANY, A, MX, SIG, etc\&. \fItype\fR -can be any valid query type. If no +can be any valid query type\&. If no \fItype\fR argument is supplied, \fBdig\fR -will perform a lookup for an A record. +will perform a lookup for an A record\&. .RE .SH "OPTIONS" .PP The \fB\-b\fR option sets the source IP address of the query to -\fIaddress\fR. This must be a valid address on one of the host's network interfaces or "0.0.0.0" or "::". An optional port may be specified by appending "#" +\fIaddress\fR\&. This must be a valid address on one of the host\*(Aqs network interfaces or "0\&.0\&.0\&.0" or "::"\&. An optional port may be specified by appending "#" .PP The default query class (IN for internet) is overridden by the \fB\-c\fR -option. +option\&. \fIclass\fR -is any valid class, such as HS for Hesiod records or CH for Chaosnet records. +is any valid class, such as HS for Hesiod records or CH for Chaosnet records\&. .PP The \fB\-f\fR option makes \fBdig \fR operate in batch mode by reading a list of lookup requests to process from the file -\fIfilename\fR. The file contains a number of queries, one per line. Each entry in the file should be organized in the same way they would be presented as queries to +\fIfilename\fR\&. The file contains a number of queries, one per line\&. Each entry in the file should be organized in the same way they would be presented as queries to \fBdig\fR -using the command\-line interface. +using the command\-line interface\&. .PP The \fB\-m\fR -option enables memory usage debugging. +option enables memory usage debugging\&. .PP If a non\-standard port number is to be queried, the \fB\-p\fR -option is used. +option is used\&. \fIport#\fR is the port number that \fBdig\fR -will send its queries instead of the standard DNS port number 53. This option would be used to test a name server that has been configured to listen for queries on a non\-standard port number. +will send its queries instead of the standard DNS port number 53\&. This option would be used to test a name server that has been configured to listen for queries on a non\-standard port number\&. .PP The \fB\-4\fR option forces \fBdig\fR -to only use IPv4 query transport. The +to only use IPv4 query transport\&. The \fB\-6\fR option forces \fBdig\fR -to only use IPv6 query transport. +to only use IPv6 query transport\&. .PP The \fB\-t\fR option sets the query type to -\fItype\fR. It can be any valid query type which is supported in BIND 9. The default query type is "A", unless the +\fItype\fR\&. It can be any valid query type which is supported in BIND 9\&. The default query type is "A", unless the \fB\-x\fR -option is supplied to indicate a reverse lookup. A zone transfer can be requested by specifying a type of AXFR. When an incremental zone transfer (IXFR) is required, +option is supplied to indicate a reverse lookup\&. A zone transfer can be requested by specifying a type of AXFR\&. When an incremental zone transfer (IXFR) is required, \fItype\fR is set to -ixfr=N. The incremental zone transfer will contain the changes made to the zone since the serial number in the zone's SOA record was -\fIN\fR. +ixfr=N\&. The incremental zone transfer will contain the changes made to the zone since the serial number in the zone\*(Aqs SOA record was +\fIN\fR\&. .PP The \fB\-q\fR option sets the query name to -\fIname\fR. This useful do distinguish the +\fIname\fR\&. This useful do distinguish the \fIname\fR -from other arguments. +from other arguments\&. .PP Reverse lookups \(em mapping addresses to names \(em are simplified by the \fB\-x\fR -option. +option\&. \fIaddr\fR -is an IPv4 address in dotted\-decimal notation, or a colon\-delimited IPv6 address. When this option is used, there is no need to provide the +is an IPv4 address in dotted\-decimal notation, or a colon\-delimited IPv6 address\&. When this option is used, there is no need to provide the \fIname\fR, \fIclass\fR and \fItype\fR -arguments. +arguments\&. \fBdig\fR automatically performs a lookup for a name like -11.12.13.10.in\-addr.arpa -and sets the query type and class to PTR and IN respectively. By default, IPv6 addresses are looked up using nibble format under the IP6.ARPA domain. To use the older RFC1886 method using the IP6.INT domain specify the +11\&.12\&.13\&.10\&.in\-addr\&.arpa +and sets the query type and class to PTR and IN respectively\&. By default, IPv6 addresses are looked up using nibble format under the IP6\&.ARPA domain\&. To use the older RFC1886 method using the IP6\&.INT domain specify the \fB\-i\fR -option. Bit string labels (RFC2874) are now experimental and are not attempted. +option\&. Bit string labels (RFC2874) are now experimental and are not attempted\&. .PP To sign the DNS queries sent by \fBdig\fR and their responses using transaction signatures (TSIG), specify a TSIG key file using the \fB\-k\fR -option. You can also specify the TSIG key itself on the command line using the +option\&. You can also specify the TSIG key itself on the command line using the \fB\-y\fR option; \fIhmac\fR @@ -219,43 +240,43 @@ is the type of the TSIG, default HMAC\-MD5, \fIname\fR is the name of the TSIG key and \fIkey\fR -is the actual key. The key is a base\-64 encoded string, typically generated by -\fBdnssec\-keygen\fR(8). Caution should be taken when using the +is the actual key\&. The key is a base\-64 encoded string, typically generated by +\fBdnssec-keygen\fR(8)\&. Caution should be taken when using the \fB\-y\fR option on multi\-user systems as the key can be visible in the output from \fBps\fR(1) -or in the shell's history file. When using TSIG authentication with -\fBdig\fR, the name server that is queried needs to know the key and algorithm that is being used. In BIND, this is done by providing appropriate +or in the shell\*(Aqs history file\&. When using TSIG authentication with +\fBdig\fR, the name server that is queried needs to know the key and algorithm that is being used\&. In BIND, this is done by providing appropriate \fBkey\fR and \fBserver\fR statements in -\fInamed.conf\fR. +named\&.conf\&. .SH "QUERY OPTIONS" .PP \fBdig\fR -provides a number of query options which affect the way in which lookups are made and the results displayed. Some of these set or reset flag bits in the query header, some determine which sections of the answer get printed, and others determine the timeout and retry strategies. +provides a number of query options which affect the way in which lookups are made and the results displayed\&. Some of these set or reset flag bits in the query header, some determine which sections of the answer get printed, and others determine the timeout and retry strategies\&. .PP -Each query option is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus sign (+). Some keywords set or reset an option. These may be preceded by the string +Each query option is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus sign (+)\&. Some keywords set or reset an option\&. These may be preceded by the string no -to negate the meaning of that keyword. Other keywords assign values to options like the timeout interval. They have the form -\fB+keyword=value\fR. The query options are: +to negate the meaning of that keyword\&. Other keywords assign values to options like the timeout interval\&. They have the form +\fB+keyword=value\fR\&. The query options are: .PP \fB+[no]tcp\fR .RS 4 -Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. The default behavior is to use UDP unless an AXFR or IXFR query is requested, in which case a TCP connection is used. +Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers\&. The default behavior is to use UDP unless an AXFR or IXFR query is requested, in which case a TCP connection is used\&. .RE .PP \fB+[no]vc\fR .RS 4 -Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. This alternate syntax to +Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers\&. This alternate syntax to \fI+[no]tcp\fR -is provided for backwards compatibility. The "vc" stands for "virtual circuit". +is provided for backwards compatibility\&. The "vc" stands for "virtual circuit"\&. .RE .PP \fB+[no]ignore\fR .RS 4 -Ignore truncation in UDP responses instead of retrying with TCP. By default, TCP retries are performed. +Ignore truncation in UDP responses instead of retrying with TCP\&. By default, TCP retries are performed\&. .RE .PP \fB+domain=somename\fR @@ -264,21 +285,21 @@ Set the search list to contain the single domain \fIsomename\fR, as if specified in a \fBdomain\fR directive in -\fI/etc/resolv.conf\fR, and enable search list processing as if the +/etc/resolv\&.conf, and enable search list processing as if the \fI+search\fR -option were given. +option were given\&. .RE .PP \fB+[no]search\fR .RS 4 Use [do not use] the search list defined by the searchlist or domain directive in -\fIresolv.conf\fR -(if any). The search list is not used by default. +resolv\&.conf +(if any)\&. The search list is not used by default\&. .RE .PP \fB+[no]showsearch\fR .RS 4 -Perform [do not perform] a search showing intermediate results. +Perform [do not perform] a search showing intermediate results\&. .RE .PP \fB+[no]defname\fR @@ -289,95 +310,95 @@ Deprecated, treated as a synonym for .PP \fB+[no]aaonly\fR .RS 4 -Sets the "aa" flag in the query. +Sets the "aa" flag in the query\&. .RE .PP \fB+[no]aaflag\fR .RS 4 A synonym for -\fI+[no]aaonly\fR. +\fI+[no]aaonly\fR\&. .RE .PP \fB+[no]adflag\fR .RS 4 -Set [do not set] the AD (authentic data) bit in the query. This requests the server to return whether all of the answer and authority sections have all been validated as secure according to the security policy of the server. AD=1 indicates that all records have been validated as secure and the answer is not from a OPT\-OUT range. AD=0 indicate that some part of the answer was insecure or not validated. This bit is set by default. +Set [do not set] the AD (authentic data) bit in the query\&. This requests the server to return whether all of the answer and authority sections have all been validated as secure according to the security policy of the server\&. AD=1 indicates that all records have been validated as secure and the answer is not from a OPT\-OUT range\&. AD=0 indicate that some part of the answer was insecure or not validated\&. This bit is set by default\&. .RE .PP \fB+[no]cdflag\fR .RS 4 -Set [do not set] the CD (checking disabled) bit in the query. This requests the server to not perform DNSSEC validation of responses. +Set [do not set] the CD (checking disabled) bit in the query\&. This requests the server to not perform DNSSEC validation of responses\&. .RE .PP \fB+[no]cl\fR .RS 4 -Display [do not display] the CLASS when printing the record. +Display [do not display] the CLASS when printing the record\&. .RE .PP \fB+[no]ttlid\fR .RS 4 -Display [do not display] the TTL when printing the record. +Display [do not display] the TTL when printing the record\&. .RE .PP \fB+[no]recurse\fR .RS 4 -Toggle the setting of the RD (recursion desired) bit in the query. This bit is set by default, which means +Toggle the setting of the RD (recursion desired) bit in the query\&. This bit is set by default, which means \fBdig\fR -normally sends recursive queries. Recursion is automatically disabled when the +normally sends recursive queries\&. Recursion is automatically disabled when the \fI+nssearch\fR or \fI+trace\fR -query options are used. +query options are used\&. .RE .PP \fB+[no]nssearch\fR .RS 4 When this option is set, \fBdig\fR -attempts to find the authoritative name servers for the zone containing the name being looked up and display the SOA record that each name server has for the zone. +attempts to find the authoritative name servers for the zone containing the name being looked up and display the SOA record that each name server has for the zone\&. .RE .PP \fB+[no]trace\fR .RS 4 -Toggle tracing of the delegation path from the root name servers for the name being looked up. Tracing is disabled by default. When tracing is enabled, +Toggle tracing of the delegation path from the root name servers for the name being looked up\&. Tracing is disabled by default\&. When tracing is enabled, \fBdig\fR -makes iterative queries to resolve the name being looked up. It will follow referrals from the root servers, showing the answer from each server that was used to resolve the lookup. +makes iterative queries to resolve the name being looked up\&. It will follow referrals from the root servers, showing the answer from each server that was used to resolve the lookup\&. .sp \fB+dnssec\fR -is also set when +trace is set to better emulate the default queries from a nameserver. +is also set when +trace is set to better emulate the default queries from a nameserver\&. .RE .PP \fB+[no]cmd\fR .RS 4 Toggles the printing of the initial comment in the output identifying the version of \fBdig\fR -and the query options that have been applied. This comment is printed by default. +and the query options that have been applied\&. This comment is printed by default\&. .RE .PP \fB+[no]short\fR .RS 4 -Provide a terse answer. The default is to print the answer in a verbose form. +Provide a terse answer\&. The default is to print the answer in a verbose form\&. .RE .PP \fB+[no]identify\fR .RS 4 Show [or do not show] the IP address and port number that supplied the answer when the \fI+short\fR -option is enabled. If short form answers are requested, the default is not to show the source address and port number of the server that provided the answer. +option is enabled\&. If short form answers are requested, the default is not to show the source address and port number of the server that provided the answer\&. .RE .PP \fB+[no]comments\fR .RS 4 -Toggle the display of comment lines in the output. The default is to print comments. +Toggle the display of comment lines in the output\&. The default is to print comments\&. .RE .PP \fB+[no]rrcomments\fR .RS 4 -Toggle the display of per\-record comments in the output (for example, human\-readable key information about DNSKEY records). The default is not to print record comments unless multiline mode is active. +Toggle the display of per\-record comments in the output (for example, human\-readable key information about DNSKEY records)\&. The default is not to print record comments unless multiline mode is active\&. .RE .PP \fB+[no]crypto\fR .RS 4 -Toggle the display of cryptographic fields in DNSSEC records. The contents of these field are unnecessary to debug most DNSSEC validation failures and removing them makes it easier to see the common failures. The default is to display the fields. When omitted they are replaced by the string "[omitted]" or in the DNSKEY case the key id is displayed as the replacement, e.g. "[ key id = value ]". +Toggle the display of cryptographic fields in DNSSEC records\&. The contents of these field are unnecessary to debug most DNSSEC validation failures and removing them makes it easier to see the common failures\&. The default is to display the fields\&. When omitted they are replaced by the string "[omitted]" or in the DNSKEY case the key id is displayed as the replacement, e\&.g\&. "[ key id = value ]"\&. .RE .PP \fB+split=W\fR @@ -386,72 +407,72 @@ Split long hex\- or base64\-formatted fields in resource records into chunks of \fIW\fR characters (where \fIW\fR -is rounded up to the nearest multiple of 4). +is rounded up to the nearest multiple of 4)\&. \fI+nosplit\fR or \fI+split=0\fR -causes fields not to be split at all. The default is 56 characters, or 44 characters when multiline mode is active. +causes fields not to be split at all\&. The default is 56 characters, or 44 characters when multiline mode is active\&. .RE .PP \fB+[no]stats\fR .RS 4 -This query option toggles the printing of statistics: when the query was made, the size of the reply and so on. The default behavior is to print the query statistics. +This query option toggles the printing of statistics: when the query was made, the size of the reply and so on\&. The default behavior is to print the query statistics\&. .RE .PP \fB+[no]qr\fR .RS 4 -Print [do not print] the query as it is sent. By default, the query is not printed. +Print [do not print] the query as it is sent\&. By default, the query is not printed\&. .RE .PP \fB+[no]question\fR .RS 4 -Print [do not print] the question section of a query when an answer is returned. The default is to print the question section as a comment. +Print [do not print] the question section of a query when an answer is returned\&. The default is to print the question section as a comment\&. .RE .PP \fB+[no]answer\fR .RS 4 -Display [do not display] the answer section of a reply. The default is to display it. +Display [do not display] the answer section of a reply\&. The default is to display it\&. .RE .PP \fB+[no]authority\fR .RS 4 -Display [do not display] the authority section of a reply. The default is to display it. +Display [do not display] the authority section of a reply\&. The default is to display it\&. .RE .PP \fB+[no]additional\fR .RS 4 -Display [do not display] the additional section of a reply. The default is to display it. +Display [do not display] the additional section of a reply\&. The default is to display it\&. .RE .PP \fB+[no]all\fR .RS 4 -Set or clear all display flags. +Set or clear all display flags\&. .RE .PP \fB+time=T\fR .RS 4 Sets the timeout for a query to \fIT\fR -seconds. The default timeout is 5 seconds. An attempt to set +seconds\&. The default timeout is 5 seconds\&. An attempt to set \fIT\fR -to less than 1 will result in a query timeout of 1 second being applied. +to less than 1 will result in a query timeout of 1 second being applied\&. .RE .PP \fB+tries=T\fR .RS 4 Sets the number of times to try UDP queries to server to \fIT\fR -instead of the default, 3. If +instead of the default, 3\&. If \fIT\fR -is less than or equal to zero, the number of tries is silently rounded up to 1. +is less than or equal to zero, the number of tries is silently rounded up to 1\&. .RE .PP \fB+retry=T\fR .RS 4 Sets the number of times to retry UDP queries to server to \fIT\fR -instead of the default, 2. Unlike -\fI+tries\fR, this does not include the initial query. +instead of the default, 2\&. Unlike +\fI+tries\fR, this does not include the initial query\&. .RE .PP \fB+ndots=D\fR @@ -460,85 +481,91 @@ Set the number of dots that have to appear in \fIname\fR to \fID\fR -for it to be considered absolute. The default value is that defined using the ndots statement in -\fI/etc/resolv.conf\fR, or 1 if no ndots statement is present. Names with fewer dots are interpreted as relative names and will be searched for in the domains listed in the +for it to be considered absolute\&. The default value is that defined using the ndots statement in +/etc/resolv\&.conf, or 1 if no ndots statement is present\&. Names with fewer dots are interpreted as relative names and will be searched for in the domains listed in the \fBsearch\fR or \fBdomain\fR directive in -\fI/etc/resolv.conf\fR. +/etc/resolv\&.conf\&. .RE .PP \fB+bufsize=B\fR .RS 4 Set the UDP message buffer size advertised using EDNS0 to \fIB\fR -bytes. The maximum and minimum sizes of this buffer are 65535 and 0 respectively. Values outside this range are rounded up or down appropriately. Values other than zero will cause a EDNS query to be sent. +bytes\&. The maximum and minimum sizes of this buffer are 65535 and 0 respectively\&. Values outside this range are rounded up or down appropriately\&. Values other than zero will cause a EDNS query to be sent\&. .RE .PP \fB+edns=#\fR .RS 4 -Specify the EDNS version to query with. Valid values are 0 to 255. Setting the EDNS version will cause a EDNS query to be sent. +Specify the EDNS version to query with\&. Valid values are 0 to 255\&. Setting the EDNS version will cause a EDNS query to be sent\&. \fB+noedns\fR -clears the remembered EDNS version. EDNS is set to 0 by default. +clears the remembered EDNS version\&. EDNS is set to 0 by default\&. .RE .PP \fB+[no]multiline\fR .RS 4 -Print records like the SOA records in a verbose multi\-line format with human\-readable comments. The default is to print each record on a single line, to facilitate machine parsing of the +Print records like the SOA records in a verbose multi\-line format with human\-readable comments\&. The default is to print each record on a single line, to facilitate machine parsing of the \fBdig\fR -output. +output\&. .RE .PP \fB+[no]onesoa\fR .RS 4 -Print only one (starting) SOA record when performing an AXFR. The default is to print both the starting and ending SOA records. +Print only one (starting) SOA record when performing an AXFR\&. The default is to print both the starting and ending SOA records\&. .RE .PP \fB+[no]fail\fR .RS 4 -Do not try the next server if you receive a SERVFAIL. The default is to not try the next server which is the reverse of normal stub resolver behavior. +Do not try the next server if you receive a SERVFAIL\&. The default is to not try the next server which is the reverse of normal stub resolver behavior\&. .RE .PP \fB+[no]besteffort\fR .RS 4 -Attempt to display the contents of messages which are malformed. The default is to not display malformed answers. +Attempt to display the contents of messages which are malformed\&. The default is to not display malformed answers\&. .RE .PP \fB+[no]dnssec\fR .RS 4 -Requests DNSSEC records be sent by setting the DNSSEC OK bit (DO) in the OPT record in the additional section of the query. +Requests DNSSEC records be sent by setting the DNSSEC OK bit (DO) in the OPT record in the additional section of the query\&. .RE .PP \fB+[no]sigchase\fR .RS 4 -Chase DNSSEC signature chains. Requires dig be compiled with \-DDIG_SIGCHASE. +Chase DNSSEC signature chains\&. Requires dig be compiled with \-DDIG_SIGCHASE\&. .RE .PP \fB+trusted\-key=####\fR .RS 4 Specifies a file containing trusted keys to be used with -\fB+sigchase\fR. Each DNSKEY record must be on its own line. +\fB+sigchase\fR\&. Each DNSKEY record must be on its own line\&. .sp If not specified, \fBdig\fR will look for -\fI/etc/trusted\-key.key\fR +/etc/trusted\-key\&.key then -\fItrusted\-key.key\fR -in the current directory. +trusted\-key\&.key +in the current directory\&. .sp -Requires dig be compiled with \-DDIG_SIGCHASE. +Requires dig be compiled with \-DDIG_SIGCHASE\&. .RE .PP \fB+[no]topdown\fR .RS 4 -When chasing DNSSEC signature chains perform a top\-down validation. Requires dig be compiled with \-DDIG_SIGCHASE. +When chasing DNSSEC signature chains perform a top\-down validation\&. Requires dig be compiled with \-DDIG_SIGCHASE\&. .RE .PP \fB+[no]nsid\fR .RS 4 -Include an EDNS name server ID request when sending a query. +Include an EDNS name server ID request when sending a query\&. +.RE +.PP +\fB+[no]keepopen\fR +.RS 4 +Keep the TCP socket open between queries and reuse it rather than creating a new TCP socket for each lookup\&. The default is +\fB+nokeepopen\fR\&. .RE .SH "MULTIPLE QUERIES" .PP @@ -546,63 +573,68 @@ The BIND 9 implementation of \fBdig \fR supports specifying multiple queries on the command line (in addition to supporting the \fB\-f\fR -batch file option). Each of those queries can be supplied with its own set of flags, options and query options. +batch file option)\&. Each of those queries can be supplied with its own set of flags, options and query options\&. .PP In this case, each \fIquery\fR -argument represent an individual query in the command\-line syntax described above. Each consists of any of the standard options and flags, the name to be looked up, an optional query type and class and any query options that should be applied to that query. +argument represent an individual query in the command\-line syntax described above\&. Each consists of any of the standard options and flags, the name to be looked up, an optional query type and class and any query options that should be applied to that query\&. .PP -A global set of query options, which should be applied to all queries, can also be supplied. These global query options must precede the first tuple of name, class, type, options, flags, and query options supplied on the command line. Any global query options (except the +A global set of query options, which should be applied to all queries, can also be supplied\&. These global query options must precede the first tuple of name, class, type, options, flags, and query options supplied on the command line\&. Any global query options (except the \fB+[no]cmd\fR -option) can be overridden by a query\-specific set of query options. For example: +option) can be overridden by a query\-specific set of query options\&. For example: .sp +.if n \{\ .RS 4 +.\} .nf -dig +qr www.isc.org any \-x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns +noqr +dig +qr www\&.isc\&.org any \-x 127\&.0\&.0\&.1 isc\&.org ns +noqr .fi +.if n \{\ .RE +.\} .sp shows how \fBdig\fR could be used from the command line to make three lookups: an ANY query for -www.isc.org, a reverse lookup of 127.0.0.1 and a query for the NS records of -isc.org. A global query option of +www\&.isc\&.org, a reverse lookup of 127\&.0\&.0\&.1 and a query for the NS records of +isc\&.org\&. A global query option of \fI+qr\fR is applied, so that \fBdig\fR -shows the initial query it made for each lookup. The final query has a local query option of +shows the initial query it made for each lookup\&. The final query has a local query option of \fI+noqr\fR which means that \fBdig\fR will not print the initial query when it looks up the NS records for -isc.org. +isc\&.org\&. .SH "IDN SUPPORT" .PP If \fBdig\fR -has been built with IDN (internationalized domain name) support, it can accept and display non\-ASCII domain names. +has been built with IDN (internationalized domain name) support, it can accept and display non\-ASCII domain names\&. \fBdig\fR -appropriately converts character encoding of domain name before sending a request to DNS server or displaying a reply from the server. If you'd like to turn off the IDN support for some reason, defines the +appropriately converts character encoding of domain name before sending a request to DNS server or displaying a reply from the server\&. If you\*(Aqd like to turn off the IDN support for some reason, defines the \fBIDN_DISABLE\fR -environment variable. The IDN support is disabled if the variable is set when +environment variable\&. The IDN support is disabled if the variable is set when \fBdig\fR -runs. +runs\&. .SH "FILES" .PP -\fI/etc/resolv.conf\fR +/etc/resolv\&.conf .PP -\fI${HOME}/.digrc\fR +${HOME}/\&.digrc .SH "SEE ALSO" .PP \fBhost\fR(1), \fBnamed\fR(8), -\fBdnssec\-keygen\fR(8), -RFC1035. +\fBdnssec-keygen\fR(8), +RFC1035\&. .SH "BUGS" .PP -There are probably too many query options. +There are probably too many query options\&. .SH "COPYRIGHT" -Copyright \(co 2004\-2011, 2013 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") .br -Copyright \(co 2000\-2003 Internet Software Consortium. +Copyright \(co 2004-2011, 2013 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") +.br +Copyright \(co 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium. .br diff --git a/bin/dig/dig.c b/bin/dig/dig.c index 2b84161ebd..9927b5b493 100644 --- a/bin/dig/dig.c +++ b/bin/dig/dig.c @@ -233,6 +233,7 @@ help(void) { " +[no]split=## (Split hex/base64 fields into chunks)\n" " +[no]multiline (Print records in an expanded format)\n" " +[no]onesoa (AXFR prints only one soa record)\n" +" +[no]keepopen (Keep the TCP socket open between queries)\n" " global d-opts and servers (before host name) affect all queries.\n" " local d-opts and servers (after host name) affect only that lookup.\n" " -h (print help and exit)\n" @@ -940,6 +941,10 @@ plus_option(char *option, isc_boolean_t is_batchfile, lookup->ignore = ISC_TRUE; } break; + case 'k': + FULLCHECK("keepopen"); + keep_open = state; + break; case 'm': /* multiline */ FULLCHECK("multiline"); multiline = state; diff --git a/bin/dig/dig.docbook b/bin/dig/dig.docbook index 77f8694767..9cb21bcae9 100644 --- a/bin/dig/dig.docbook +++ b/bin/dig/dig.docbook @@ -912,6 +912,16 @@ + + + + + Keep the TCP socket open between queries and reuse it rather + than creating a new TCP socket for each lookup. The default + is . + + + diff --git a/bin/dig/dig.html b/bin/dig/dig.html index 496d786206..5881a783e1 100644 --- a/bin/dig/dig.html +++ b/bin/dig/dig.html @@ -19,9 +19,9 @@ dig - + -
+

Name

@@ -33,41 +33,41 @@

dig [-h]

dig [global-queryopt...] [query...]

-
-

DESCRIPTION

-

dig +

+

DESCRIPTION

+

dig (domain information groper) is a flexible tool for interrogating DNS name servers. It performs DNS lookups and displays the answers that are returned from the name server(s) that - were queried. Most DNS administrators use dig to + were queried. Most DNS administrators use dig to troubleshoot DNS problems because of its flexibility, ease of use and clarity of output. Other lookup tools tend to have less functionality - than dig. + than dig.

- Although dig is normally used with + Although dig is normally used with command-line arguments, it also has a batch mode of operation for reading lookup requests from a file. A brief summary of its command-line arguments and options is printed when the -h option is given. Unlike earlier versions, the BIND 9 implementation of - dig allows multiple lookups to be issued + dig allows multiple lookups to be issued from the command line.

Unless it is told to query a specific name server, - dig will try each of the servers listed in + dig will try each of the servers listed in /etc/resolv.conf. If no usable server addreses - are found, dig will send the query to the local + are found, dig will send the query to the local host.

When no command line arguments or options are given, - dig will perform an NS query for "." (the root). + dig will perform an NS query for "." (the root).

- It is possible to set per-user defaults for dig via + It is possible to set per-user defaults for dig via ${HOME}/.digrc. This file is read and any options in it are applied before the command line arguments. @@ -80,17 +80,17 @@ use "IN." and "CH." when looking up these top level domains.

-
-

SIMPLE USAGE

+
+

SIMPLE USAGE

- A typical invocation of dig looks like: + A typical invocation of dig looks like: 

 dig @server name type

where:

-
+
server

@@ -98,19 +98,19 @@ can be an IPv4 address in dotted-decimal notation or an IPv6 address in colon-delimited notation. When the supplied server argument is a hostname, - dig resolves that name before querying + dig resolves that name before querying that name server.

If no server argument is - provided, dig consults + provided, dig consults /etc/resolv.conf; if an address is found there, it queries the name server at that address. If either of the -4 or -6 options are in use, then only addresses for the corresponding transport will be tried. If no usable addresses are found, - dig will send the query to the + dig will send the query to the local host. The reply from the name server that responds is displayed.

@@ -126,15 +126,15 @@ type can be any valid query type. If no type argument is supplied, - dig will perform a lookup for an + dig will perform a lookup for an A record.

-
-

OPTIONS

+
+

OPTIONS

The -b option sets the source IP address of the query to address. This must be a valid @@ -150,14 +150,14 @@ class, such as HS for Hesiod records or CH for Chaosnet records.

- The -f option makes dig + The -f option makes dig operate in batch mode by reading a list of lookup requests to process from the file filename. The file contains a number of queries, one per line. Each entry in the file should be organized in the same way they would be presented as queries to - dig using the command-line interface. + dig using the command-line interface.

The -m option enables memory usage debugging. @@ -166,17 +166,17 @@

If a non-standard port number is to be queried, the -p option is used. port# is - the port number that dig will send its + the port number that dig will send its queries instead of the standard DNS port number 53. This option would be used to test a name server that has been configured to listen for queries on a non-standard port number.

- The -4 option forces dig + The -4 option forces dig to only use IPv4 query transport. The -6 option forces - dig to only use IPv6 query transport. + dig to only use IPv6 query transport.

The -t option sets the query type to @@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ address in dotted-decimal notation, or a colon-delimited IPv6 address. When this option is used, there is no need to provide the name, class and - type arguments. dig + type arguments. dig automatically performs a lookup for a name like 11.12.13.10.in-addr.arpa and sets the query type and @@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ are now experimental and are not attempted.

- To sign the DNS queries sent by dig and + To sign the DNS queries sent by dig and their responses using transaction signatures (TSIG), specify a TSIG key file using the -k option. You can also specify the TSIG @@ -230,16 +230,16 @@ multi-user systems as the key can be visible in the output from ps(1) or in the shell's history file. When - using TSIG authentication with dig, the name + using TSIG authentication with dig, the name server that is queried needs to know the key and algorithm that is being used. In BIND, this is done by providing appropriate - key and server statements in + key and server statements in named.conf.

-
-

QUERY OPTIONS

-

dig +

+

QUERY OPTIONS

+

dig provides a number of query options which affect the way in which lookups are made and the results displayed. Some of these set or reset flag bits in the query header, some determine which @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ The query options are:

-
+
+[no]tcp

Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. The default @@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ Set the search list to contain the single domain somename, as if specified in a - domain directive in + domain directive in /etc/resolv.conf, and enable search list processing as if the +search @@ -345,14 +345,14 @@

Toggle the setting of the RD (recursion desired) bit in the query. This bit is set by default, which means - dig normally sends recursive + dig normally sends recursive queries. Recursion is automatically disabled when the +nssearch or +trace query options are used.

+[no]nssearch

- When this option is set, dig + When this option is set, dig attempts to find the authoritative name servers for the zone containing the name being @@ -366,13 +366,13 @@ Toggle tracing of the delegation path from the root name servers for the name being looked up. Tracing is disabled by default. When tracing is enabled, - dig makes iterative queries to + dig makes iterative queries to resolve the name being looked up. It will follow referrals from the root servers, showing the answer from each server that was used to resolve the lookup.

- +dnssec is also set when +trace is + +dnssec is also set when +trace is set to better emulate the default queries from a nameserver.

@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@

Toggles the printing of the initial comment in the output identifying - the version of dig and the query + the version of dig and the query options that have been applied. This comment is printed by default.

@@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ Print records like the SOA records in a verbose multi-line format with human-readable comments. The default is to print each record on a single line, to facilitate machine parsing - of the dig output. + of the dig output.

+[no]onesoa

@@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ on its own line.

- If not specified, dig will look for + If not specified, dig will look for /etc/trusted-key.key then trusted-key.key in the current directory.

@@ -593,15 +593,21 @@

Include an EDNS name server ID request when sending a query.

+
+[no]keepopen
+

+ Keep the TCP socket open between queries and reuse it rather + than creating a new TCP socket for each lookup. The default + is +nokeepopen. +

-
-

MULTIPLE QUERIES

+
+

MULTIPLE QUERIES

- The BIND 9 implementation of dig + The BIND 9 implementation of dig supports specifying multiple queries on the command line (in addition to supporting the -f batch file option). Each of those @@ -628,7 +634,7 @@ dig +qr www.isc.org any -x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns +noqr

- shows how dig could be used from the + shows how dig could be used from the command line to make three lookups: an ANY query for www.isc.org, a reverse lookup of 127.0.0.1 and a query for the NS records of @@ -636,45 +642,45 @@ dig +qr www.isc.org any -x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns +noqr A global query option of +qr is applied, so - that dig shows the initial query it made + that dig shows the initial query it made for each lookup. The final query has a local query option of - +noqr which means that dig + +noqr which means that dig will not print the initial query when it looks up the NS records for isc.org.

-
-

IDN SUPPORT

+
+

IDN SUPPORT

- If dig has been built with IDN (internationalized + If dig has been built with IDN (internationalized domain name) support, it can accept and display non-ASCII domain names. - dig appropriately converts character encoding of + dig appropriately converts character encoding of domain name before sending a request to DNS server or displaying a reply from the server. If you'd like to turn off the IDN support for some reason, defines the IDN_DISABLE environment variable. The IDN support is disabled if the variable is set when - dig runs. + dig runs.

-
-

FILES

+
+

FILES

/etc/resolv.conf

${HOME}/.digrc

-
-

SEE ALSO

+
+

SEE ALSO

host(1), named(8), dnssec-keygen(8), RFC1035.

-
-

BUGS

+
+

BUGS

There are probably too many query options.

diff --git a/bin/dig/dighost.c b/bin/dig/dighost.c index aa1f70e951..b6db463735 100644 --- a/bin/dig/dighost.c +++ b/bin/dig/dighost.c @@ -125,7 +125,8 @@ isc_boolean_t usesearch = ISC_FALSE, showsearch = ISC_FALSE, qr = ISC_FALSE, - is_dst_up = ISC_FALSE; + is_dst_up = ISC_FALSE, + keep_open = ISC_FALSE; in_port_t port = 53; unsigned int timeout = 0; unsigned int extrabytes; @@ -157,6 +158,9 @@ static void idn_check_result(idn_result_t r, const char *msg); int idnoptions = 0; #endif +isc_socket_t *keep = NULL; +isc_sockaddr_t keepaddr; + /*% * Exit Codes: * @@ -2530,6 +2534,15 @@ send_tcp_connect(dig_query_t *query) { } INSIST(query->sock == NULL); + + if (keep != NULL && isc_sockaddr_equal(&keepaddr, &query->sockaddr)) { + sockcount++; + isc_socket_attach(keep, &query->sock); + query->waiting_connect = ISC_FALSE; + launch_next_query(query, ISC_TRUE); + goto search; + } + result = isc_socket_create(socketmgr, isc_sockaddr_pf(&query->sockaddr), isc_sockettype_tcp, &query->sock); @@ -2552,6 +2565,7 @@ send_tcp_connect(dig_query_t *query) { result = isc_socket_connect(query->sock, &query->sockaddr, global_task, connect_done, query); check_result(result, "isc_socket_connect"); + search: /* * If we're at the endgame of a nameserver search, we need to * immediately bring up all the queries. Do it here. @@ -2937,6 +2951,12 @@ connect_done(isc_task_t *task, isc_event_t *event) { UNLOCK_LOOKUP; return; } + if (keep_open) { + if (keep != NULL) + isc_socket_detach(&keep); + isc_socket_attach(query->sock, &keep); + keepaddr = query->sockaddr; + } launch_next_query(query, ISC_TRUE); isc_event_free(&event); UNLOCK_LOOKUP; @@ -3753,6 +3773,8 @@ destroy_libs(void) { isc_result_t result; #endif + if (keep != NULL) + isc_socket_detach(&keep); debug("destroy_libs()"); if (global_task != NULL) { debug("freeing task"); diff --git a/bin/dig/include/dig/dig.h b/bin/dig/include/dig/dig.h index 7f8e90cdda..0046639146 100644 --- a/bin/dig/include/dig/dig.h +++ b/bin/dig/include/dig/dig.h @@ -276,6 +276,7 @@ extern isc_taskmgr_t *taskmgr; extern isc_task_t *global_task; extern isc_boolean_t free_now; extern isc_boolean_t debugging, debugtiming, memdebugging; +extern isc_boolean_t keep_open; extern char *progname; extern int tries; diff --git a/bin/tests/system/cacheclean/tests.sh b/bin/tests/system/cacheclean/tests.sh index 6eaee3d785..577c8e1810 100644 --- a/bin/tests/system/cacheclean/tests.sh +++ b/bin/tests/system/cacheclean/tests.sh @@ -85,11 +85,16 @@ in_cache () { } echo "I:check correctness of routine cache cleaning" -$DIG $DIGOPTS -f dig.batch > dig.out.ns2 || status=1 +$DIG $DIGOPTS +tcp +keepopen -b 10.53.0.7 -f dig.batch > dig.out.ns2 || status=1 grep ";" dig.out.ns2 $PERL ../digcomp.pl --lc dig.out.ns2 knowngood.dig.out || status=1 +echo "I:only one tcp socket was used" +tcpclients=`grep "client 10.53.0.7#[0-9]*:" ns2/named.run | awk '{print $4}' | sort | uniq -c | wc -l` + +test $tcpclients -eq 1 || { status=1; echo "I:failed"; } + echo "I:reset and check that records are correctly cached initially" ret=0 load_cache