diff --git a/.env.example b/.env.example
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8b79b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.env.example
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# z/VM Configuration for Arch Linux s390x Build
+# Copy this file to .env and fill in your values
+# Add the entire .env file content as ZVM_CONFIG secret in GitHub Actions
+
+# z/VM Connection Details
+ZVM_HOST=192.0.0.0
+ZVM_USER=linux1
+ZVM_PORT=22
+
+# SSH Key Configuration
+# The SSH private key content (multiline)
+ZVM_SSH_KEY="-----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----
+... (your full SSH private key content here) ...
+-----END OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----"
+
+# Build Configuration
+BUILD_TIMEOUT_MINUTES=30
+SYSTEMD_BUILD_DIR="/home/linux1/systemd-build"
+SYSTEMD_OUTPUT_DIR="/home/linux1/systemd-minimal"
+
+# Connection Settings
+SSH_CONNECT_TIMEOUT=10
+SSH_STRICT_HOST_KEY_CHECKING=no
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release.yml b/.github/workflows/release.yml
index 18cbccd..482a5fd 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@ jobs:
             echo "❌ ERROR: Static busybox not found!"
             echo ""
             echo "To build a release, you must first:"
-            echo "1. SSH into z/VM: ssh -i zvm.pem -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no linux1@148.100.77.9"
+            echo "1. SSH into z/VM: ssh -i zvm.pem -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no \$ZVM_USER@\$ZVM_HOST"
             echo "2. Run the build script: ./scripts/build-busybox-zvm.sh"
-            echo "3. Transfer the busybox binary: scp -i zvm.pem linux1@148.100.77.9:~/busybox-s390x-static boot/"
+            echo "3. Transfer the busybox binary: scp -i zvm.pem \$ZVM_USER@\$ZVM_HOST:~/busybox-s390x-static boot/"
             echo "4. Commit the busybox binary to the repository"
             echo ""
             echo "The busybox MUST be built natively on s390x hardware for proper static linking."
@@ -49,10 +49,46 @@ jobs:
             ls -la boot/busybox-s390x-static
           fi
       
+      - name: Setup z/VM environment
+        run: |
+          # Load z/VM configuration from secret
+          echo "${{ secrets.ZVM_CONFIG }}" > .env.temp
+          source .env.temp
+          rm .env.temp
+          
+          # Validate required variables
+          if [ -z "$ZVM_HOST" ] || [ -z "$ZVM_USER" ] || [ -z "$ZVM_SSH_KEY" ]; then
+            echo "Error: Missing required z/VM configuration"
+            echo "ZVM_CONFIG secret must contain: ZVM_HOST, ZVM_USER, ZVM_SSH_KEY"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          
+          # Setup SSH
+          mkdir -p ~/.ssh
+          echo "$ZVM_SSH_KEY" > zvm.pem
+          chmod 600 zvm.pem
+          ssh-keyscan -H $ZVM_HOST >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts
+          
+          # Export for later steps
+          echo "ZVM_HOST=$ZVM_HOST" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "ZVM_USER=$ZVM_USER" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "ZVM_PORT=${ZVM_PORT:-22}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "SSH_CONNECT_TIMEOUT=${SSH_CONNECT_TIMEOUT:-10}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+        
+      - name: Test z/VM connectivity
+        run: |
+          ssh -i zvm.pem -o ConnectTimeout=$SSH_CONNECT_TIMEOUT $ZVM_USER@$ZVM_HOST "echo 'z/VM connection successful'"
+        
       - name: Build complete system
         run: |
           echo "Building s390x kernel and creating initramfs..."
           make all
+          
+      - name: Build systemd on z/VM
+        run: |
+          echo "Building systemd natively on z/VM..."
+          make systemd-zvm
+        timeout-minutes: 30
       
       - name: Prepare release artifacts
         run: |
@@ -88,10 +124,23 @@ jobs:
           # Copy busybox binary
           cp boot/busybox-s390x-static release-artifacts/
           
+          # Copy systemd artifacts if available
+          if [ -d "output/systemd-root" ]; then
+            echo "✅ Systemd found, including in release"
+            tar -czf release-artifacts/systemd-s390x.tar.gz -C output/systemd-root .
+            cp output/systemd-minimal-s390x.tar.gz release-artifacts/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          else
+            echo "⚠️ Systemd not found, release will be kernel + initramfs only"
+          fi
+          
           # Get actual sizes
           KERNEL_SIZE=$(du -h boot/vmlinuz-linux | cut -f1)
           INITRAMFS_SIZE=$(du -h boot/initramfs-linux.img | cut -f1)
           BUSYBOX_SIZE=$(du -h boot/busybox-s390x-static | cut -f1)
+          SYSTEMD_SIZE=""
+          if [ -f "release-artifacts/systemd-s390x.tar.gz" ]; then
+            SYSTEMD_SIZE=$(du -h release-artifacts/systemd-s390x.tar.gz | cut -f1)
+          fi
           
           # Create build info file
           cat > release-artifacts/BUILD_INFO.txt << EOF
@@ -105,14 +154,21 @@ jobs:
           Component Sizes:
           - Kernel: $KERNEL_SIZE
           - Initramfs: $INITRAMFS_SIZE  
-          - Busybox: $BUSYBOX_SIZE
+          - Busybox: $BUSYBOX_SIZE$(if [ -n "$SYSTEMD_SIZE" ]; then echo "
+          - Systemd: $SYSTEMD_SIZE"; fi)
           
           Build Method:
-          - Kernel: Cross-compiled in Fedora container
+          - Kernel: Cross-compiled in Fedora container with CONFIG_UNIX and CONFIG_KMOD
           - Busybox: Statically compiled on z/VM RHEL 9.6
-          - Initramfs: Generated with modified mkinitcpio
+          - Initramfs: Generated with modified mkinitcpio for s390x$(if [ -n "$SYSTEMD_SIZE" ]; then echo "
+          - Systemd: Natively compiled on IBM z/VM with mount/udevadm utilities"; fi)
           
-          Status: Fully functional - boots to emergency shell
+          Status: $(if [ -n "$SYSTEMD_SIZE" ]; then echo "Fully functional - boots with systemd to 'Welcome to Arch Linux!'"; else echo "Fully functional - boots to emergency shell"; fi)
+          
+          Boot Targets Available:
+          - make test: Initramfs-only system
+          - make test-rootfs: Root filesystem with busybox init$(if [ -n "$SYSTEMD_SIZE" ]; then echo "
+          - make test-systemd: Full systemd boot with modern init system"; fi)
           EOF
           
           # Create checksums
@@ -143,6 +199,8 @@ jobs:
             release-artifacts/vmlinuz-linux-s390x
             release-artifacts/initramfs-linux-s390x.img
             release-artifacts/busybox-s390x-static
+            release-artifacts/systemd-s390x.tar.gz
+            release-artifacts/systemd-minimal-s390x.tar.gz
             release-artifacts/BUILD_INFO.txt
             release-artifacts/SHA256SUMS
         env:
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index cafcc74..7439d03 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ temp-initramfs/
 tmp-initramfs/
 build-kernel/
 
-# Temporary build scripts
 build-final-initramfs.sh
 
 # Linked mkinitcpio repository
@@ -72,8 +71,9 @@ VERSION
 CLAUDE.md
 PROJECT_SUMMARY.md
 
-# Sec
+# Security
 *.pem
+.env
 
 # Test artifacts
 boot/rootfs-s390x.img
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index ad0a80b..7902122 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -7,14 +7,13 @@ BOOT_DIR := boot
 # Output files
 KERNEL := $(OUTPUT_DIR)/vmlinuz-6.6.10-s390x-arch
 INITRAMFS := $(OUTPUT_DIR)/initramfs-6.6.10-s390x.img
-BUSYBOX := $(BOOT_DIR)/busybox-s390x-native
 BOOT_KERNEL := $(BOOT_DIR)/vmlinuz-linux
 BOOT_INITRAMFS := $(BOOT_DIR)/initramfs-linux.img
 
-.PHONY: all kernel build-busybox busybox initramfs boot test test-rootfs test-systemd clean help container systemd-zvm systemd
+.PHONY: all kernel busybox initramfs boot test test-rootfs test-systemd clean help container systemd
 
 # Default target
-all: boot
+all: boot systemd
 
 # Build Arch Linux kernel with patches
 $(KERNEL): | $(OUTPUT_DIR)
@@ -29,7 +28,7 @@ build-busybox: | $(BOOT_DIR)
 		echo "❌ ERROR: Static busybox not found!"; \
 		echo ""; \
 		echo "To build busybox, you must:"; \
-		echo "1. SSH into z/VM: ssh -i zvm.pem -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no linux1@148.100.77.9"; \
+		echo "1. SSH into z/VM: ssh -i zvm.pem -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no \$$ZVM_USER@\$$ZVM_HOST"; \
 		echo "2. Run the build script: ./scripts/build-busybox-zvm.sh"; \
 		echo "3. Transfer the resulting busybox binary back to: $(BOOT_DIR)/busybox-s390x-static"; \
 		echo ""; \
@@ -39,30 +38,13 @@ build-busybox: | $(BOOT_DIR)
 		echo "✅ Static busybox already exists at $(BOOT_DIR)/busybox-s390x-static"; \
 	fi
 
-# Download busybox fallback (deprecated - use z/VM build)
-download-busybox: | $(OUTPUT_DIR)
-	@echo "❌ Dynamic busybox download is deprecated"
-	@echo "Use z/VM static compilation instead:"
-	@echo "  ssh -i zvm.pem linux1@148.100.77.9"
-	@echo "  # Follow build-busybox-zvm.sh instructions"
-	@exit 1
 
-# Check busybox binary (prefers static build)
-$(BUSYBOX): | build-busybox
-	@if [ -f "$(BOOT_DIR)/busybox-s390x-static" ]; then \
-		ln -sf busybox-s390x-static $(BUSYBOX); \
-		echo "✅ Using static busybox"; \
-	elif [ -f "$(BUSYBOX)" ]; then \
-		echo "✅ Using existing busybox"; \
-	else \
-		echo "ERROR: No busybox binary found"; \
-		exit 1; \
-	fi
-
-busybox: $(BUSYBOX)
+# Check busybox binary (must be static build from z/VM)
+busybox: build-busybox
+	@echo "✅ Busybox check complete"
 
 # Build initramfs (depends on busybox)
-$(INITRAMFS): $(BUSYBOX) | $(OUTPUT_DIR)
+$(INITRAMFS): busybox | $(OUTPUT_DIR)
 	@echo "Building initramfs with mkinitcpio..."
 	@./scripts/build-initramfs-final.sh
 
@@ -127,8 +109,13 @@ systemd: systemd-zvm
 # Clean build artifacts
 clean:
 	@echo "Cleaning build artifacts..."
-	@rm -rf $(OUTPUT_DIR)/*
-	@rm -f $(BOOT_KERNEL) $(BOOT_INITRAMFS)
+	@if [ -d "$(OUTPUT_DIR)" ]; then \
+		if ! rm -rf $(OUTPUT_DIR)/* 2>/dev/null; then \
+			echo "Permission denied. Trying with sudo..."; \
+			sudo rm -rf $(OUTPUT_DIR)/*; \
+		fi; \
+	fi
+	@rm -f $(BOOT_KERNEL) $(BOOT_INITRAMFS) 2>/dev/null || true
 	@echo "Clean complete."
 
 # Show help
@@ -138,18 +125,16 @@ help:
 	@echo "Usage: make [target]"
 	@echo ""
 	@echo "Targets:"
-	@echo "  all            - Build everything (kernel + initramfs + boot)"
+	@echo "  all            - Build everything (kernel + initramfs + systemd)"
 	@echo "  kernel         - Build Arch Linux kernel with patches for s390x"
-	@echo "  build-busybox  - Check for static s390x busybox (must be built on z/VM)"
-	@echo "  busybox        - Check s390x busybox binary exists"
+	@echo "  busybox        - Check for static s390x busybox (must be built on z/VM)"
 	@echo "  initramfs      - Build initramfs only (requires busybox)"
 	@echo "  boot           - Prepare boot directory"
 	@echo "  container      - Build development container"
+	@echo "  systemd        - Build minimal systemd on z/VM (native s390x)"
 	@echo "  test           - Test with QEMU s390x emulation (initramfs only)"
 	@echo "  test-rootfs    - Test with QEMU and minimal root filesystem"
 	@echo "  test-systemd   - Test with QEMU and systemd as init"
-	@echo "  systemd        - Build minimal systemd on z/VM (native s390x)"
-	@echo "  systemd-zvm    - Build minimal systemd on z/VM (native s390x)"
 	@echo "  clean          - Remove build artifacts"
 	@echo "  help           - Show this help message"
 	@echo ""
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index f81f97b..a685376 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -20,12 +20,12 @@ make test-systemd
 
 ## What's Working
 
-- **Arch Linux Kernel**: Linux 6.6.10 with Arch patches cross-compiled for IBM mainframes (5.8MB)
+- **Arch Linux Kernel**: Linux 6.6.10 with Arch patches and CONFIG_UNIX/CONFIG_KMOD support (5.8MB)
 - **Initramfs**: Complete 5.9MB initramfs with s390x busybox
 - **Boot Process**: Successful boot to root filesystem with busybox shell
 - **Root Filesystem**: **COMPLETE!** 150MB ext4 root filesystem with Arch Linux identification
-- **Systemd**: **NEW!** 42MB minimal systemd built natively on IBM z/VM
-- **Modern Init**: Systemd components ready for enterprise mainframe deployment
+- **Systemd**: **WORKING!** 42MB minimal systemd with mount/udevadm utilities - boots to "Welcome to Arch Linux!"
+- **Modern Init**: Full systemd boot reaching Multi-User and Graphical targets
 - **QEMU Testing**: Fully functional in s390x emulation
 - **Ready for Hardware**: IPL configuration for real mainframes
 
@@ -34,21 +34,21 @@ make test-systemd
 ### Core System Components
 | Component | Status | Details |
 |-----------|--------|---------|
-| Kernel | ✅ Working | 5.8MB bootable s390x kernel with Arch patches (6.6.10) |
+| Kernel | ✅ Working | 5.8MB bootable s390x kernel with CONFIG_UNIX/CONFIG_KMOD (6.6.10) |
 | Initramfs | ✅ Working | 5.9MB with native s390x binaries |
-| Boot Process | ✅ Working | IPL → kernel → initramfs → root filesystem |
+| Boot Process | ✅ Working | IPL → kernel → initramfs → root filesystem → systemd |
 | Root Filesystem | ✅ **COMPLETE** | 150MB ext4 with working busybox switch_root |
-| Systemd | ✅ **BUILT** | 42MB minimal systemd with native s390x compilation |
+| Systemd | ✅ **WORKING** | 42MB minimal systemd with mount/udevadm - reaches graphical target |
 | mkinitcpio | ✅ Fixed | Adapted for s390x architecture |
 
 ### Userspace Components
 | Component | Status | Details |
 |-----------|--------|---------|
-| Init System | ✅ **DUAL** | Busybox init + systemd available |
+| Init System | ✅ **COMPLETE** | Busybox in initramfs → switch_root → systemd |
 | Shell | 🟨 Minimal | Busybox sh (not bash) |
-| Core Utilities | 🟨 Minimal | Busybox applets only |
+| Core Utilities | ✅ **Enhanced** | Busybox applets + mount/udevadm/kmod utilities |
 | Package Manager | ❌ TODO | Pacman needs porting |
-| Systemd | ✅ **BUILT** | Native s390x compilation complete |
+| Systemd Runtime | ✅ **WORKING** | Full systemd boot with journal, udev, and basic services |
 | Bash | ❌ TODO | Needs s390x build |
 | GNU Coreutils | ❌ TODO | Replace busybox applets |
 
@@ -67,13 +67,13 @@ s390x-archlinux-dev          # All-in-one development container
 ```
 
 ### Build Targets:
-- `make all` - Build complete system (kernel + initramfs)
+- `make all` - Build complete system (kernel + initramfs + systemd)
 - `make kernel` - Cross-compile Arch Linux kernel for s390x
 - `make initramfs` - Generate initramfs with mkinitcpio
-- `make systemd` - Build systemd natively on z/VM
+- `make systemd` - Build systemd natively on z/VM (requires .env configuration)
 - `make test` - Test initramfs-only system with QEMU
 - `make test-rootfs` - Test with root filesystem switching
-- `make test-systemd` - Test with systemd as init
+- `make test-systemd` - Test with systemd as init (full modern boot)
 - `make clean` - Clean build artifacts
 
 ### Key Scripts:
@@ -86,6 +86,31 @@ s390x-archlinux-dev          # All-in-one development container
 - `scripts/test-qemu-systemd.sh` - Test with systemd as init
 - `scripts/build-busybox-zvm.sh` - Build static busybox on z/VM
 
+## z/VM Configuration
+
+For building systemd and busybox natively on s390x hardware, you'll need access to an IBM z/VM system:
+
+1. **Copy the example configuration**:
+   ```bash
+   cp .env.example .env
+   ```
+
+2. **Edit `.env` with your z/VM details**:
+   ```bash
+   ZVM_HOST=your.zvm.host
+   ZVM_USER=your_username
+   ZVM_SSH_KEY="-----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----
+   ... your SSH private key content ...
+   -----END OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----"
+   ```
+
+3. **Build systemd**:
+   ```bash
+   make systemd
+   ```
+
+The scripts will automatically load the `.env` configuration when needed.
+
 ## Testing
 
 ```bash
@@ -99,13 +124,17 @@ make test
 
 # Test root filesystem switching
 make test-rootfs
+
+# Test full systemd boot (requires systemd build)
+make test-systemd
 ```
 
-**Expected**: 
+**Expected Results**: 
 - `make test` - System boots to emergency shell in initramfs-only mode (press Ctrl-A X to exit)
 - `make test-rootfs` - Boots completely to root filesystem with busybox shell
+- `make test-systemd` - Full systemd boot reaching "Welcome to Arch Linux!" and graphical target
 
-[![asciicast](https://asciinema.org/a/QVmnI1tyJjjFp4cps93qiTbM9.svg)](https://asciinema.org/a/QVmnI1tyJjjFp4cps93qiTbM9)
+[![asciicast](https://asciinema.org/a/u49jp0Bg7YoGtlGyTh6C9RJ7P.svg)](https://asciinema.org/a/u49jp0Bg7YoGtlGyTh6C9RJ7P)
 
 ## Output Files
 
@@ -115,7 +144,8 @@ After building:
 - `boot/rootfs-s390x.img` - Root filesystem image (created by test-rootfs)
 - `boot/generic.ins` - IPL configuration for real hardware
 - `boot/arch.prm` - Kernel parameters
-- `boot/busybox-s390x-static` - Static busybox binary built on z/VM
+- `boot/busybox-s390x-static` - Static busybox binary built on z/VM (used by mkinitcpio)
+- `output/systemd-root/` - Complete systemd installation for root filesystem
 
 ## Technical Details
 
@@ -127,23 +157,19 @@ After building:
 
 ### Key Fixes Applied:
 1. **mkinitcpio adaptation** - Fixed `add_binary` vs `add_file` issue for init scripts
-2. **Static busybox** - Built natively on z/VM to eliminate dynamic linking
+2. **Static busybox in initramfs** - Built natively on z/VM for early boot operations
 3. **Architecture compatibility** - Fixed base hook to exclude x86_64 binaries
-4. **Init script patching** - Modified standard Arch init to use `busybox switch_root`
+4. **switch_root support** - Enables transition from initramfs to systemd on root filesystem
+5. **Kernel configuration** - Added CONFIG_UNIX and CONFIG_KMOD for systemd support
 
-## System Boot Success
+## System Boot Sequence
 
-The system successfully boots from initramfs to root filesystem:
+The complete boot process follows this sequence:
 
-```
-[   22.867595] Run /init as init process
-:: mounting '/dev/vda' on real root
-[   23.131648] EXT4-fs (vda): mounted filesystem r/w with ordered data mode
-/ # cat /etc/os-release
-NAME="Arch Linux"
-PRETTY_NAME="Arch Linux"
-ID=arch
-
-/ # uname -a
-Linux arch 6.6.10 #14 SMP Mon Jun  2 14:59:34 UTC 2025 s390x GNU/Linux
-```
+1. **IPL (Initial Program Load)** - IBM mainframe boot process
+2. **Kernel loads** - Linux 6.6.10 s390x kernel with Arch patches
+3. **Initramfs unpacked** - Contains busybox and init script
+4. **Early boot** - Busybox provides utilities for mounting and setup
+5. **Root filesystem mounted** - `/dev/vda` mounted to `/new_root`
+6. **switch_root** - Busybox `switch_root` transitions to real root filesystem
+7. **Systemd starts** - `/usr/lib/systemd/systemd` becomes PID 1
diff --git a/arch-kernel/config-s390x b/arch-kernel/config-s390x
index 8009487..cf19f66 100644
--- a/arch-kernel/config-s390x
+++ b/arch-kernel/config-s390x
@@ -137,6 +137,8 @@ CONFIG_SIGNALFD=y
 CONFIG_TIMERFD=y
 CONFIG_EPOLL=y
 CONFIG_NET=y
+CONFIG_UNIX=y
+CONFIG_UNIX_DIAG=y
 CONFIG_SYSFS=y
 CONFIG_PROC_FS=y
 CONFIG_FHANDLE=y
@@ -145,6 +147,7 @@ CONFIG_CRYPTO_HMAC=y
 CONFIG_CRYPTO_SHA256=y
 CONFIG_DMIID=y
 CONFIG_AUTOFS_FS=y
+CONFIG_TMPFS=y
 CONFIG_TMPFS_POSIX_ACL=y
 CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR=y
 CONFIG_SECCOMP=y
@@ -189,6 +192,7 @@ CONFIG_INITRAMFS_ROOT_GID=0
 
 # Module support
 CONFIG_MODULES=y
+CONFIG_KMOD=y
 CONFIG_MODULE_UNLOAD=y
 CONFIG_MODULE_FORCE_UNLOAD=y
 CONFIG_MODVERSIONS=y
diff --git a/boot/boot-info.txt b/boot/boot-info.txt
index e9c51cb..b168ad9 100644
--- a/boot/boot-info.txt
+++ b/boot/boot-info.txt
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Arch Linux s390x Boot Directory
 ==============================
 
 Kernel Version: 6.6.10
-Build Date: Mon Jun  2 09:28:58 PM CEST 2025
+Build Date: Thu Jun  5 11:58:54 AM CEST 2025
 Architecture: s390x
 
 Files:
diff --git a/boot/busybox-s390x-native b/boot/busybox-s390x-native
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..60fd7cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/boot/busybox-s390x-native
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+busybox-s390x-static
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/boot/vmlinuz-linux b/boot/vmlinuz-linux
index 5591e38..1acbf4a 100755
Binary files a/boot/vmlinuz-linux and b/boot/vmlinuz-linux differ
diff --git a/patches/mkinitcpio-mount-run.patch b/patches/mkinitcpio-mount-run.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..23baa5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/patches/mkinitcpio-mount-run.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+--- a/usr/lib/initcpio/init_functions
++++ b/usr/lib/initcpio/init_functions
+@@ -1,4 +1,14 @@
+ #!/usr/bin/ash
++
++# Pre-mount /run for s390x systems without CONFIG_TMPFS
++premount_run_ramfs() {
++    if [ ! -d /new_root/run ]; then
++        mkdir -p /new_root/run
++    fi
++    # Use ramfs instead of tmpfs due to kernel limitations
++    mount -t ramfs -o mode=755,nodev,nosuid ramfs /new_root/run
++}
++
+ # This file contains common functions used in init and in hooks
+ 
+ msg() {
+--- a/usr/lib/initcpio/init
++++ b/usr/lib/initcpio/init
+@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@ if [ -n "$earlymodules$MODULES" ]; then
+     fi
+ fi
+ 
++# Pre-mount /run using ramfs for s390x systems without CONFIG_TMPFS
++msg ":: Pre-mounting /run with ramfs for systemd compatibility"
++premount_run_ramfs
++
+ msg ":: running hook [udev]"
+ run_hookfunctions 'run_earlyhook' 'early hook' $EARLYHOOKS
+ 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/scripts/build-systemd-zvm.sh b/scripts/build-systemd-zvm.sh
index 8dd7838..af8c54e 100755
--- a/scripts/build-systemd-zvm.sh
+++ b/scripts/build-systemd-zvm.sh
@@ -37,9 +37,11 @@ sudo dnf install -y \
     libblkid-devel \
     libuuid-devel \
     libseccomp-devel \
+    util-linux \
+    kmod \
+    kmod-devel \
     libacl-devel \
     libattr-devel \
-    kmod-devel \
     elfutils-devel \
     dbus-devel \
     python3-jinja2 \
@@ -145,11 +147,30 @@ rm -rf "$OUTPUT_DIR/usr/share/factory"
 rm -rf "$OUTPUT_DIR/usr/share/bash-completion"
 rm -rf "$OUTPUT_DIR/usr/share/zsh"
 
+# Copy essential system utilities that systemd needs
+echo -e "${YELLOW}Copying essential system utilities...${NC}"
+mkdir -p "$OUTPUT_DIR/usr/bin" "$OUTPUT_DIR/usr/sbin"
+
+# Copy mount utilities from util-linux
+cp /usr/bin/mount "$OUTPUT_DIR/usr/bin/" 2>/dev/null || echo "Warning: mount not found"
+cp /usr/bin/umount "$OUTPUT_DIR/usr/bin/" 2>/dev/null || echo "Warning: umount not found"
+
+# Copy udev utilities
+cp /usr/bin/udevadm "$OUTPUT_DIR/usr/bin/" 2>/dev/null || echo "Warning: udevadm not found"
+
+# Copy kmod utilities
+cp /usr/bin/kmod "$OUTPUT_DIR/usr/bin/" 2>/dev/null || echo "Warning: kmod not found"
+for util in modprobe insmod rmmod lsmod modinfo depmod; do
+    cp "/usr/sbin/$util" "$OUTPUT_DIR/usr/sbin/" 2>/dev/null || \
+    cp "/usr/bin/$util" "$OUTPUT_DIR/usr/bin/" 2>/dev/null || \
+    echo "Warning: $util not found"
+done
+
 # Keep only essential binaries
 cd "$OUTPUT_DIR/usr/bin"
 for binary in *; do
     case "$binary" in
-        systemctl|journalctl|systemd-*) ;;
+        systemctl|journalctl|systemd-*|mount|umount|udevadm|kmod) ;;
         *) rm -f "$binary" ;;
     esac
 done
@@ -158,21 +179,43 @@ done
 echo -e "${YELLOW}Copying runtime libraries...${NC}"
 mkdir -p "$OUTPUT_DIR/lib" "$OUTPUT_DIR/lib64"
 
-# Copy dynamic linker and essential libraries
-cp -L /lib64/ld-linux-s390x.so.2 "$OUTPUT_DIR/lib/" 2>/dev/null || true
-cp -L /lib64/ld64.so.1 "$OUTPUT_DIR/lib/" 2>/dev/null || true
+# Copy dynamic linker to /lib - force copy and verify
+echo "Copying dynamic linker..."
+cp -L /lib64/ld64.so.1 "$OUTPUT_DIR/lib/ld64.so.1" || cp -L /lib/ld64.so.1 "$OUTPUT_DIR/lib/ld64.so.1" || echo "Warning: ld64.so.1 not found"
+cp -L /lib64/ld-linux-s390x.so.2 "$OUTPUT_DIR/lib/ld-linux-s390x.so.2" 2>/dev/null || echo "Warning: ld-linux-s390x.so.2 not found"
+chmod +x "$OUTPUT_DIR/lib/"ld* 2>/dev/null || true
+ls -la "$OUTPUT_DIR/lib/"ld* || echo "No dynamic linker found"
 
-# Copy essential glibc and other system libraries
+# Get all library dependencies for systemd and core binaries
+echo "Analyzing library dependencies..."
+SYSTEMD_DEPS=$(ldd "$OUTPUT_DIR/usr/lib/systemd/systemd" | awk '/=>/ {print $3}' | sort -u)
+JOURNALD_DEPS=$(ldd "$OUTPUT_DIR/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-journald" | awk '/=>/ {print $3}' | sort -u)
+UDEVD_DEPS=$(ldd "$OUTPUT_DIR/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-udevd" | awk '/=>/ {print $3}' | sort -u)
+MOUNT_DEPS=$(ldd "$OUTPUT_DIR/usr/bin/mount" 2>/dev/null | awk '/=>/ {print $3}' | sort -u || true)
+UDEVADM_DEPS=$(ldd "$OUTPUT_DIR/usr/bin/udevadm" 2>/dev/null | awk '/=>/ {print $3}' | sort -u || true)
+KMOD_DEPS=$(ldd "$OUTPUT_DIR/usr/bin/kmod" 2>/dev/null | awk '/=>/ {print $3}' | sort -u || true)
+
+# Copy all discovered dependencies
+echo "Copying system library dependencies..."
+for dep in $SYSTEMD_DEPS $JOURNALD_DEPS $UDEVD_DEPS $MOUNT_DEPS $UDEVADM_DEPS $KMOD_DEPS; do
+    if [ -f "$dep" ]; then
+        cp -L "$dep" "$OUTPUT_DIR/lib64/" 2>/dev/null || true
+        echo "Copied: $(basename "$dep")"
+    fi
+done
+
+# Also copy common libraries manually for completeness
 for lib in libc.so.6 libm.so.6 libpthread.so.0 libdl.so.2 librt.so.1 \
-           libcrypt.so.1 libcap.so.2 libblkid.so.1 libuuid.so.1 \
+           libcrypt.so.1 libcrypt.so.2 libcap.so.2 libblkid.so.1 libuuid.so.1 \
            libmount.so.1 libseccomp.so.2 libacl.so.1 libattr.so.1 \
            libkmod.so.2 libdw.so.1 libelf.so.1 libz.so.1 \
-           libbz2.so.1 liblzma.so.5 libdbus-1.so.3; do
+           libbz2.so.1 liblzma.so.5 libdbus-1.so.3 libselinux.so.1 \
+           libpcre2-8.so.0; do
     find /lib64 /usr/lib64 -name "$lib*" -exec cp -L {} "$OUTPUT_DIR/lib64/" \; 2>/dev/null || true
 done
 
-# Create lib64 symlink
-ln -sf lib "$OUTPUT_DIR/lib64" 2>/dev/null || true
+# Also copy libraries to /lib for compatibility
+cp "$OUTPUT_DIR/lib64/"* "$OUTPUT_DIR/lib/" 2>/dev/null || true
 
 # Create tarball for transfer
 cd "$OUTPUT_DIR"
@@ -189,4 +232,4 @@ echo -e "${GREEN}Tarball size: $TARBALL_SIZE${NC}"
 echo -e "${GREEN}Tarball location: $HOME/systemd-minimal-s390x.tar.gz${NC}"
 echo ""
 echo "To transfer back to your local system:"
-echo "scp -i zvm.pem linux1@148.100.77.9:~/systemd-minimal-s390x.tar.gz output/"
\ No newline at end of file
+echo "scp -i zvm.pem \$USER@\$(hostname -f):~/systemd-minimal-s390x.tar.gz output/"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/scripts/deploy-and-build-systemd-zvm.sh b/scripts/deploy-and-build-systemd-zvm.sh
index dfc7002..d1b9b73 100755
--- a/scripts/deploy-and-build-systemd-zvm.sh
+++ b/scripts/deploy-and-build-systemd-zvm.sh
@@ -9,9 +9,33 @@ GREEN='\033[0;32m'
 YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
 NC='\033[0m'
 
-# z/VM connection details
-ZVM_HOST="linux1@148.100.77.9"
-ZVM_KEY="zvm.pem"
+# Load environment variables from .env file if available and variables not set
+if [ -z "$ZVM_HOST" ] || [ -z "$ZVM_USER" ]; then
+    if [ -f ".env" ]; then
+        echo -e "${YELLOW}Loading z/VM configuration from .env file...${NC}"
+        set -a  # Export all variables
+        source .env
+        set +a  # Stop exporting
+    fi
+fi
+
+# Check if required variables are now set
+if [ -z "$ZVM_HOST" ] || [ -z "$ZVM_USER" ]; then
+    echo -e "${RED}Error: ZVM_HOST and ZVM_USER environment variables must be set${NC}"
+    echo ""
+    echo "Option 1: Create a .env file (recommended):"
+    echo "  cp .env.example .env"
+    echo "  # Edit .env with your z/VM details"
+    echo ""
+    echo "Option 2: Export variables manually:"
+    echo "  export ZVM_HOST=your.zvm.host"
+    echo "  export ZVM_USER=your_username"
+    echo "  export ZVM_SSH_KEY='your-ssh-key-content'"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+ZVM_CONNECTION="${ZVM_USER}@${ZVM_HOST}"
+ZVM_KEY="${ZVM_KEY:-zvm.pem}"
 
 echo -e "${GREEN}=== Building systemd on z/VM RHEL 9.6 ===${NC}"
 
@@ -21,18 +45,56 @@ if [ ! -f "$ZVM_KEY" ]; then
     exit 1
 fi
 
+# SSH options
+SSH_OPTS="-i $ZVM_KEY -o StrictHostKeyChecking=${SSH_STRICT_HOST_KEY_CHECKING:-no} -o ConnectTimeout=${SSH_CONNECT_TIMEOUT:-10}"
+
 # 1. Copy build script to z/VM
 echo -e "${YELLOW}1. Copying build script to z/VM...${NC}"
-scp -i $ZVM_KEY -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no scripts/build-systemd-zvm.sh $ZVM_HOST:~/
+scp $SSH_OPTS scripts/build-systemd-zvm.sh $ZVM_CONNECTION:~/
 
 # 2. Run the build script
 echo -e "${YELLOW}2. Running systemd build on z/VM (this may take 10-15 minutes)...${NC}"
-ssh -i $ZVM_KEY -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no $ZVM_HOST "chmod +x ~/build-systemd-zvm.sh && ./build-systemd-zvm.sh"
+ssh $SSH_OPTS $ZVM_CONNECTION "chmod +x ~/build-systemd-zvm.sh && ./build-systemd-zvm.sh"
 
-# 3. Copy artifacts back
+# 3. Copy artifacts back with retry mechanism
 echo -e "${YELLOW}3. Copying build artifacts back...${NC}"
 mkdir -p output
-scp -i $ZVM_KEY -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no $ZVM_HOST:~/systemd-minimal-s390x.tar.gz output/
+
+# Function to copy with retries
+copy_with_retry() {
+    local max_retries=5
+    local retry_count=0
+    local success=0
+    
+    while [ $retry_count -lt $max_retries ] && [ $success -eq 0 ]; do
+        if [ $retry_count -gt 0 ]; then
+            echo -e "${YELLOW}Retry $retry_count/$max_retries - waiting 10 seconds before retrying...${NC}"
+            sleep 10
+        fi
+        
+        # Use timeout and compression options to handle stalls
+        if timeout 300 scp $SSH_OPTS -o ServerAliveInterval=15 -o ServerAliveCountMax=3 -C $ZVM_CONNECTION:~/systemd-minimal-s390x.tar.gz output/; then
+            success=1
+            echo -e "${GREEN}✓ Transfer completed successfully${NC}"
+        else
+            retry_count=$((retry_count + 1))
+            echo -e "${RED}Transfer failed or timed out${NC}"
+            
+            # Kill any stalled scp processes
+            pkill -f "scp.*systemd-minimal-s390x.tar.gz" 2>/dev/null || true
+        fi
+    done
+    
+    if [ $success -eq 0 ]; then
+        echo -e "${RED}Failed to transfer after $max_retries attempts${NC}"
+        echo -e "${YELLOW}You can manually copy the file with:${NC}"
+        echo "scp $SSH_OPTS $ZVM_CONNECTION:~/systemd-minimal-s390x.tar.gz output/"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+}
+
+# Perform the copy with retries
+copy_with_retry
 
 # 4. Extract and organize
 echo -e "${YELLOW}4. Extracting systemd...${NC}"
diff --git a/scripts/test-qemu-systemd.sh b/scripts/test-qemu-systemd.sh
index cbde3dd..8f4a567 100755
--- a/scripts/test-qemu-systemd.sh
+++ b/scripts/test-qemu-systemd.sh
@@ -51,6 +51,8 @@ sudo cp -r output/systemd-root/* /tmp/rootfs-mount/
 sudo mkdir -p /tmp/rootfs-mount/run/systemd
 sudo mkdir -p /tmp/rootfs-mount/var/log/journal
 sudo mkdir -p /tmp/rootfs-mount/etc/systemd/system
+sudo mkdir -p /tmp/rootfs-mount/sys
+sudo mkdir -p /tmp/rootfs-mount/proc
 
 # Create device nodes
 sudo mknod /tmp/rootfs-mount/dev/console c 5 1 2>/dev/null || true